UNIT E Pharmacology Flashcards
Describe the actions, uses, side effects, adverse reactions, and nursing considerations for NRTI’s-zidovudine(Retrovir), tenofovir (Viread).
Retrovir-Zidovudine
Uses: Management of patients with HIV infection, prevention of maternal-fetal HIV transmission.
Action: Inhibits viral enzyme reverse transcriptase and thymidine kinase, enzymes necessary for HIV replication.
Side effects: Headache, malaise, n/v, anorexia, asthenia(abnormal weakness and loss of energy) constipation, abdominal cramps/pain, arthragalia, rigors, dyspepsia, fatigue, insomnia, musculoskeletal pain, myalgia,neuropathy, elevated liver enzymes, anemia, fever, cough, hepatomegaly, rash, diarrhea,lipodystrophy, and stomatitis.
Adverse Reactions: Severe anemia, lactic acidosis, pancreatitis, neutropenia, pancytopenia, seizures, congestive heart failure, myelosupression, rhabdomyolysis, anaphylaxis, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, Stevens-johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis.
Nursing Considerations: may increase ALT, AST
Viread-Tenofovir
Action: Inhibits viral enzyme reverse transcriptase and thymidine kinase, enzymes necessary for HIV replication by competing with AMP as substrate.
Uses: Management of patients with HIV infection, treatment of chronic hepatitis B
Side effects: Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, flatulence, insomnia, dizziness, depression, fever, hyperlipidemia, elevated transaminases, chest pain
Adverse reactions:Lactic acidosis, heptamegaly, bone fractures, renal insufficiency, Fanconi Syndrome.
Nursing considerations: May increase triglycerides, AST,ALT,ALP
Describe the actions, uses, side effects, adverse reactions, and nursing considerations for NNRT’s-efavirenz (Sustiva).
Actions: Binds directly to reverse transcriptase, blocking RNA and DNA dependent DNA polymerase activities, including HIV-1 replication
Uses:Treatment of HIV-1 infections
Side Effects: Rash, nausea, diarrhea, CNS effects
Adverse Reactions:Agressive reaction, allergic reaction, convulsion, liver failure, neuropathy, suicide, abnormal vision, hyperlipidemia.
Nursing Considerations: May cause a false-positive result for cannabinoid and benzodiazepine screening assays.
Take dose at bedtime to minimize CNS adverse effects; take on empty stomach
Describe the actions, uses, side effects, adverse reactions, and nursing considerations for Protease inhibitors-lopinavir/kitonavir (Kaletra), atazanavir (Reyataz).
Reyataz
Actions: Inhibits HIV protease, rendering enzyme incapable of polyprotease precursors, thus rendering immuring HIV particles noninfectious.
Uses: Treatment of HIV-1 infections
Side Effects: Rash, N/V diarrhea, cough, fever.
Adverse Reactions: Artioventriuclar block, hyperglycemia, diabetes mellitus, jaundice, hyperlipidemia, lipodystrophy, cholelithiasis, elevated liver enzymes.
Nursing Considerations: Capsules must be swallowed whole, powder may be mixed with food.
Kaletra Actions: Uses: Side Effects Adverse Reactions Nursing Considerations:
