Unit Five

Question 1

Socialism

Answer 1

a political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.

Question 2

Communism

Answer 2

a political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs

Question 3

Government

Answer 3

the governing body of a nation, state, or community.

Question 4

Absolutism

Answer 4

Political doctrine and practice of unlimited, centralized authority and absolute sovereignty

Question 5

Democracy

Answer 5

a form of government in which the people have the authority to deliberate and decide legislation

Question 6

Fascism and Dictatorship

Answer 6

a mass political movement that emphasizes the supremacy of both the nation and the single, powerful leader over the individual citizen; a ruler with total power over a country, typically one who has obtained control by force

Question 7

Mercantilism

Answer 7

the economic theory that trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances

Question 8

Globalism

Answer 8

the idea that events in one country cannot be separated from those in another and that economic and foreign policy should be planned in an international way

Question 9

Imperialism

Answer 9

a policy of extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force

Question 10

Liberalism

Answer 10

a political and social philosophy that promotes individual rights, civil liberties, democracy, and free enterprise.

Question 11

Conservatism

Answer 11

the holding of political views that favor free enterprise, private ownership, and socially traditional ideas; typically reluctant to extreme or perceived extreme change

Question 12

Republic

Answer 12

a state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch

Question 13

Republican

Answer 13

a member of a political party advocating republicanism

Question 14

Nationalism

Answer 14

identification with one’s own nation and support for its interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations.

Question 15

Democrat

Answer 15

an advocate or supporter of democracy.

Question 16

Political/Historical: The implications of colonialism are deeply rooted in the histories of many nations, where the imperialism practiced by European powers led to the exploitation and subjugation of native populations. This domination was often justified through ideologies like mercantilism, where colonies were seen as mere tools for wealth accumulation by the colonizers. The economic and social structures imposed by the colonizers disrupted indigenous systems and created long-lasting inequities. In many post-colonial societies, the struggle between liberalism and conservatism continues as these nations attempt to navigate their own paths toward development, often grappling with the remnants of colonial absolutism that still influence their governance and societal norms.

Question 17

1. What is one way colonialism impacted post-colonial societies, as described in the paragraph?

Answer 17

A. It promoted the development of liberalism and conservatism equally.
B. It eliminated the need for imperialism in modern governance.
C. It caused long-lasting inequities due to the disruption of indigenous systems. (correct answer)
D. It supported the widespread acceptance of mercantilism in contemporary economic policies.