Unit Exam 1 Prep - Anti-inflammatory + Anti-ineffective Drugs

Question 1

Aspirin - ASA (Bayer)

Answer 1

• NSAID, anticoagulent r/t fever, pain, inflammation, MI/TIA prevention
• Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis + platelet aggregation
• SE: GI bleeding/upset
• CI: Peptic ulcers and GI bleeds
• BBW: reyes Syndrome - life threatening illness resulting in liver damage, sephalopothy, cerbral edema
• Should not be given to kids <8.

Question 2

Ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil)

Answer 2

• NSAID, Propionic Acid Derivatives r/t pain, fever, inflammation
• Inhibit prostaglandin synthesis + Peripheral NS
• CI: musculoskeletal disorders, dismemoria, menstrual cramping, dental pain
• SE: renal/hepatic impairment (decrease dose)
• Safe dose: adult 3,200 mg/day

Question 3

Celecoxib (Celebrex)

Answer 3

• NSAIDs, COX inhibitors r/t pain, inflammation, frequently joint pain.
• Inhibits Cox 2, decreases prostaglandin synthesis, decreasing pain + inflammation
• SE: high risk for Thrombosis (MI, Stroke), minimal GI bleed

Question 4

Acetaminophen - APAP (Tylenol)

Answer 4

• Non-NSAID, non-narcotic analgesic, antipyretic r/t pain, fever
• Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in CNS (hypothalmus), increase phasodilation + sweating
• SE/CI: CV damage, Hepatiotoxicity w/ high doses.
• Dose: 4g/day for max safe dose, 3g for those with liver impairment, children go by body wt.

Question 5

Prednisone (Deltasone)

Answer 5

• injected in specific joints
• Corticosteroid r/t inflammation, allergic rhinitis, arthritis
• Decrease inflammation and suppresses the immune response.
• SE: Bone loss, wt gain/fluid retention, hyperglycemia, slow wound healing, skin fragility (thin/easy bruising), moon face, red cheeks.

Question 6

Ampicillin (Principen)

Answer 6

• PO, IM/IV in large muscle mass, from fungus/mold (semisynthetic)
• Antibiotic, Penicillin Derivatives r/t bacterial infections
• Bactericidal, weakens bacterial cell wall, causing cell death.
• SE: allergic reaction (rash), Gi upset (N/V/D), superinfection
• COMBO: amoxicillin + sulbactam (Unasyn) w/ beta-lactamase inhibitors to make effective against bacteria immune to penicillin.

Question 7

Cefazolin (Ancef)

Answer 7

• (IV/IM) from fungus
• Antibiotic, Cephalosporins r/t profolaxis w/ surgical procedures, bacterial infections
• Bactericidal, weakens bacterial cell wall, causing cell death.
• SE: GI upset, Rash, superinfection
• r/t penicilins (cross-sensitivity), only hold if reaction is anafalactic.

Question 8

Gentamicin (Garamycin)

Answer 8

• (IV/IM, eyedrop) poor oral absorption
• Antibiotic, Aminoglycosides r/t serious life threatening bacterial infections
• Bactericidal, weakens bacterial cell wall, causing cell death
• SE: serious toxicities ^ w/ pre-existing disease (Used w/ other antibiotics), superinfection
• Monitor peak/trough levels as toxicity leads to renal failure, otto/nephro toxicity, hearing loss.

Question 9

Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

Answer 9

• (potent oral + IV)
• Antibiotic, Fluoroquinolones r/t UTI, GI infections, Respiratory infections
• Bactericidal, weakens bacterial cell wall, causing cell death
• SE: HA, GI, rash, photosensitivity, crystals in urine, tendon rupture, superinfection
• Teach ^ fluid intake, limit alkalizing foods/ETOH, not used for kids (cartilage development problems)

Question 10

Doxycycline hydrocloride (Vibramycin)

Answer 10

• Antibiotic, Tetracyclines r/t systic acne, STD, lyme disease
• Bacteriostatic, prevents protein synthesis, inhibiting bacterial growth
• SE: permanent staining w/ developing bone + teeth, photosensitivity, GI upset, superinfection
• CI: not be given w/ milk, antacids, Ca, iron products, do not utilize by pregnant women + children <8 yo.
• fibrotic changes in lungs: used in organ lining to resolve plural/paracardial infusions (fluid collection)

Question 11

Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim

Answer 11

• Antibiotic, Sulfonamides r/t UTI, bowel, respiratory infections
• Bacteriostatic, inhibits folic acid synthesis needed for bacterial growth
• SE: photosensitivity, crystallurea, GI upset, allergic reaction
• Look for sulfa allergies, increase fluids, take w/ food, stay out of the sun, caution with liver/renal patients

Question 12

Vancomycin (Vancocin)

Answer 12

• Glycopeptide Antibiotic (IV) r/t serious bacterial infections, anti-biotic associated C. diff
• Bactericidal, destroyas bacterial cell wall, causing cell death.
• SE: oto/nephro toxicity, GI affects, red man syndrome
• Monitor Peaks + troughs

Question 13

Azithromycin (Zithromax)

Answer 13

• Antibiotic, Macrolide - bacterial infections (respiratory - not for MRSA)
• Bacteriostatic, Inhibits protein synthesis, slowing bacterial growth
• SE: GI upset, ototoxicity, rash, dysrhythmias
• Take on empty stomach w/ fluids

Question 14

Acyclovir (Zovirax)

Answer 14

• Antiviral Agent r/t herpes, varicella-zoster viruses
• Inhibits virus ability to replicate
• SE: shingles
• Do not use other topical anti-viral agents on same site, wear gloves

Question 15

Fluconazole (Diflucan)

Answer 15

• Antifungal r/t systemic fungal infactions, mycosis (affect immunocompromised patients), include yeasts/molds (athletes foot/vaginal yeast infections)
• Topical, be systemic in some cases, distrupting erogesterol in the fungal cell membrane.
• SE: GI upset, rash

Question 16

Clindamycin (Cleocin)

Answer 16

• For: Serious Bacterial infections
• Bactericidal/bacteriostatic, depending on concentration as it inhibits protein synthesis
• SE: Gi upset, diarrhea, superinfections
• Monitor BM