Exam 2 - CV And Resp Flashcards
1
Q
Decongestants: pseudoephedrine* (Sudafed), oxymetazoline (Afrin)
A
- r/t Rhinitis (nasal congestion)
- Vasoconstriction of respiratory tract mucosa
- SE: Rebound congestion (if over used), tachycardia, dizziness, heart muscle irritability, restlessness
- Careful for clients w/ hypertension.
2
Q
dextromethorphan (Robitussin DM, etc)
A
- Anti-tussives r/t dry cough
- Suppresses cough reflex in the medulla oblongata and respiratory system by elevating cough threshold
- SE: Dizziness, sedation w/ high dose, interacts w/ antidepressants (serotonin syndrome)
3
Q
guaifenesin (Mucinex)
A
- Expectorants r/t non-productive cough w/ respiratory infections
- thins secretions, making coughs more productive to cough up.
- SE: GI upset (N/V/D), dizziness, dry mouth, kideny stones
- Take w/ food, ^ fluids
4
Q
Antihistamines: diphenhydramine (Benadryl)*, loratadine (Claritin)
A
- r/t allergic Sx (rhinitis, itchy/water eyes, sneezing), motion sickness/vertigo, itchy rash, nausea, Parkinson’s
- Inhibits H1 receptors, reducing effects of histamine
- SE: Anticholinergic affects, sedating
- Take w/ food.
5
Q
epinephrine (EpiPen) IV, albuterol (Proventil)*
A
- neb
- Bronchodilators Adrenergic r/t Asthma, COPD
- stimulates beta 2 receptors in airway smooth muscle, causing bronchodilation + phasoconstriction
- SE: tachycardia
- Teach to always carry as it is “rescue medication”
6
Q
ipratropium (Atrovent)
A
- Bronchodilators Anticholinergics r/t COPD (chronic bronchitis, emphysema), rhinitis, asthma, combine w/ albuterol (Duoneb) + combiven meter-dose inhaler on schedule
- Maintenance inhaler - blocks ACh receptors (parasympathetic stimulation) of respiratory tract - bronchodilation.
- SE: Anticholinergic (decreased tachycardia affects)
7
Q
montelukast* (Singulair)
A
- Leukotriene Antagonist r/t asthma + prevention bronchoconstriction
- Decrease Leukotrienes, reducing airway inflammation w/ prostoglandins to cause bronchodilation and decrease mucus production.
- SE: HA, very fiew so can be taken by kids
8
Q
fluticasone (Flonase OTC, Flovent)
A
- Inhaled Corticosteroids r/t asthma, rhinitis (nasal congestion)
- Maintenance therapy only, decreases inflammation w/ limited systemic effects
- SE: HA, oral candidiasis (Fungal infection), pharyngitis (sore throat), cough, dry mouth/nostrils
- Rinse mouth after administration + spit , use bronchodilator first > wait 5 min, then use.
- Adavai (fluticasone, salmeterol (broncho)), long acting taken on a schedule once in morning and night to keep symptoms under control.
- Symbicort (budesonide (cortico), formoterol (adrenergic agonist, broncho))
9
Q
captopril (Capoten), lisinopril* (Zestril)
A
- Ace Inhibitor Antihypertensive r/t hypertension, CHF (in smaller doses), kidney protective for diabetic pts
- Blocks ACE enzymes from conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, allow vasodilation + Na and H2O release.
- SE: Hypotension, hyperkalemia, dry cough
- Monitor: BP before administration (Hold <100/60), check K+ serum levels.
10
Q
losartan (Cozaar)
A
- can use w/ diuretic Antihypertensive
- Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) r/t Hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, CHF
- Blocks action of angiotensin II binding on smooth muscle, resulting in vasodilation as Na+ and H2O release (diuresis) w/ K+ sparing
- SE: Hypotension, dizziness, GI upset, hyperkalmia
- Monitor BP + k+ serum levels
11
Q
atenolol (Tenormin)
A
- metroprolol (lopressor, toprol): Selective - Blocks beta 1 (heart) adrenergic receptors
- carvedilo (Coreg): non-selective - blocks beta 1 + 2 (Lungs)
- Antihypertensive (respiratory), Beta Blockers (Beta Adrenergic Antagonists): r/t Hypertension, Angina, tachy arrhythmias, cardio protective
- Decreases BP + HR w/ vasodilation, bronchoconstriction
- SE: Bronchospasm (asthma/COPD should avoid), hypotension, bradycardia, fatigue, constipation, orthostatic hypotension
- Monitor BP (hold on SBP <100) and apical pulse (Hold on <60 bpm) + for respiratory effects w/ non-selective betal blockers 2
12
Q
nifedipine (Procardia), amlopidine (Norvasc)
A
- Antihypertensive, Calcium Channel Blockers r/t angina, hypertension, tachy arrhythmias
- blocks calcium channels in blood vessels + heart (making less excitable), cause vasodilation (decreased contractability), decreased HR and BP
- SE: peripheral edema, hypotension, bradycardia, HA, constipation
- Monitor: hold if BP (SBP <100) + AP (<60 bpm), avoid caffeine + changing positions slowly, notify if weight gain.
13
Q
Acetazolamide (Diamox)*
A
- Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors [diuretics] r/t glaucoma, edema, high-altitude sickness, CHF
- Inhibit hydrogen ion formation to stop resportion of Na+, H20, chloride ions @ proximal tubule (70% resorption) as there is no hydrogen to exchange.
- SE: drowsiness, hyperchloremic acidosis (^ respiration), electrolyte imbalance (Na + K), photosensitivity, hypokalemia
- Contraindicated: allergies to sulfa, liver/renal failure
14
Q
furosemide (Lasix)*
A
- Loop Diuretic r/t edema, liver disease, hypertension
- Blocks reabsorption of Na, Cl, and H20 in the ascending loop of Henle (20-25%), causing rapid potent diuresis (effective in renal impairment)
- SE: electrolyte imbalances (hyopkalemia- k wasting often need supplements)
- Contra: sulfa allergy
15
Q
hydrochlorothiazide* (HCTZ - Microzide)
A
-Thiazide Diuretics
- r/t first line med for HTN, edema, heart failure, diabetes, siffidus (concentrate to dilute urine), not as good for decreased renal function.
- blocks reabsoprtion of Na, Cl, + H20 at distal convoluted tubule (~5%) leading to osmotic water loss.
> decrease Ca to increase Ma
- SE: hypokalemia (K wasting) but not much need for supplements
