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BIO 20 > UNIT D2 FLASHCARDS: Circulation, Immunity, Excretion > Flashcards

UNIT D2 FLASHCARDS: Circulation, Immunity, Excretion

1
Q

Open System

A

A system consisting of a pump (heart) and a series of open blood vessels.
This is only effective in small organisms
(Insects)

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2
Q

Closed System

A

A system consisting of a pump and blood vessels that continually enclose and transport blood.
Large multicellular organisms require a large and very efficient transport system for gasses, nutrients and wastes

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3
Q

Pulmonary Circulatory system

A

carries blood to and from the lungs

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4
Q

Cardiac circulatory system

A

Carries blood to and from the heart

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5
Q

Systematic Circulatory system

A

Carries blood to and from the body

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6
Q

Superior vena cava

A

A vein that brings blood from the upper body towards the heart.
Vena Cava is the largest vein in your body, it is also low in oxygen.

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7
Q

Inferior vena cava

A

A vein that brings blood from the lower body towards the heart, low in oxygen

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8
Q

Right Atrium

A

A thin muscular walled chamber that receives blood from the body

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9
Q

Right ventrical

A

A muscular chamber that receives blood from the right atrium

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10
Q

Semi Lunar Valve

A

A small valve that prevents backflow from the pulmonary artery

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11
Q

Pulmonary arteries

A

Arteries that carry blood from the heart to the lungs

ONLY ARTERY LOW IN OXYGEN

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12
Q

Pulmonary veins

A

Veins that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs
The pulmonary vein us the only vein high in oxygen

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13
Q

Left atrium

A

A small muscular chamber that receives blood from the pulmonary veins

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14
Q

Left Ventrical

A

The most muscular chamber of the heart that sends blood to the aorta

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15
Q

Aorta

A

The largest artery of the body that carries blood out to the body and the heart

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16
Q

Atrioventricular valve (AV valve)

A

Large one-way valve that prevent backflow into the aorta

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17
Q

Chordae Tendina

A

Tendons anchored to the heart and AV valve. These are necessary to counter the tremendous back pressure generated by ventricle contraction

18
Q

SA Node

A

A bundle of nerve tissue known as the “pacemaker”, this sends a nerve signal across the atrium

19
Q

AV Node

A

A bundle of nerve tissue that receives a nerve signal to the bundle of His

20
Q

The Bundle of His

A

Nerve fibers that transfer a signal down the septum to the Purkinje Fibers

21
Q

Punkinje Fibers

A

Nerve fibers that transfer a signal across the ventricle walls. thus causes a strong connection of the ventricle walls.

22
Q

What is an ECG? (electrocardiogram)

A

it records the electrical activity of the heart over time

23
Q

what makes the LUB sound?

A

When the AV valves close

24
Q

What makes the DUB sound?

A

When the semilunar valves close

25
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

The accumulation of plaque along arterial walls causing the blood vessels to harden and a restriction of blood flow

26
Q

Plaque

A

A substance that accumulates in stages. over time lipids combine to create plaque

27
Q

Coronary Angioplasty

A

Is the surgical widening of coronary arteries using a catheter and a ballon to widen the blocked area and inserting a metal stent

28
Q

Coronary bypass

A

the removal of a vein from another part of the body and grafting it onto the heart

29
Q

Ventricular Fibrillation

A

Uncontrollable beating of the heart

30
Q

Arteries

A

Carry blood AWAY from heart
thick elastic walls which recoil after blood pulse passes through
arteries have highest pressure and velocity

31
Q

Capillaries

A

capillaries walls are one cell thick
these vessels allow for exchange of water, gasses, nutrients and wastes
so narrow red blood cells pass by one at a time
greatest surface area and lowest velocity

32
Q

Veins

A

veins go TOWARD the heart
they have thin smooth muscle walls
have the lowest pressure
contains VALVES

33
Q

Vein movement blood

A

one way valves to prevent blood flow, when valves are weakened its called varicose veins or (spider veins) they are veins that have been backed up

34
Q

arterioles

A

connect capillaries to veins

35
Q

ventricles

A

connect capillaries to veins

36
Q

what is the average blood pressure

A

120/80 120 = systolic, 80 = diastolic

37
Q

components of blood

A

three main components:
Plasma 55%
WBC and platelets 1 %
RBC 44%

38
Q

Red blood cells

A

originate from red bone marrow
appx 5.5 mil for males and 4.5 for females
carry oxygen and carbon dioxide
lifespan of 120 days

39
Q

white blood cells (granulocytes and monocytes)

A

origin from red bone marrow
appx 6000 in a human
engulf foreign particles
lifespan of a few hours to a few days

40
Q

white blood cells (lymphocytes)

A

Origin from thymus and red bone marrow
appx 2000 in a human
form antibodies
lifespan unknown

41
Q

Platelets

A

originate from red bone marrow and lungs
appx 250 000 in a human
clot blood
life span of 2-8 days

BIO 20 (4 decks)

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