Unit D.1 Flashcards
What are essential nutrients
Essential: not able to be synthesised within the human body
Nutrient: chemical substances found in food
What is malnutrition
A health condition caused by a deficiency, imbalance or excess of nutrients in the diet
What are vitamins
“Vital amines” -> organic compounds that are needed in very small amounts because they cannot be synthesised by the human body; not all contain amino groups.
How is appetite controlled?
When we eat, adipose tissue is formed by insulin created by beta cells in the pancreas, and this adipose tissue in consequence secretes leptin, which is a hormone that affects the appetite control centre in the hypothalamus, reducing the desire to eat as the body is satiated.
What are the types of diabetes and how can diabetes affect the human body?
Diabetes can be type 1 - the inability to sufficiently produce insulin in order to combat high blood glucose levels; and is typically genetic - or type 2 - the decreased response of body cells to insulin as they have had an excessive exposure to it; usually caused by lifestyle.
The effect diabetes can have is detrimental, it affects blood glucose concentration, dehydration and potentially can cause cardiovascular issues such as atherosclerosis, CHD or hypertension; mostly due to the increase lipid density.
Effect of anorexia nervosa on an individual?
Loss of body mass, from adipose stores but also from the breakdown of proteins, like muscles, are used for energy as they are heavily dependent on their energy stores due to a lack of ingestion. This can cause detrimental impacts as muscles in necessary organs, like the heart, may deteriorate over time, causing issues regarding its function, like circulating blood across the body with a high enough pressure; poor circulation occurs. Moreover, it can cause hair thinning, the flakiness of skin and ease of bruising. It can also cause infertility issues in women.
What is Phenylketonuria
It is a hereditary condition regarding the breakdown of amino acid phenylalanine into tyrosine. A high concentration of phenylalanine in the body causes issues regarding the growth of the head and the brain, causing mental retardation in children.
