Unit D quiz 1 Flashcards
What is natural selection
The processes through which populations of living organisms adapt and change
What is genetic drift
A mechanism of evolution in which allele frequencies of a population change over generations due to chance (sampling error)
What is gene flow
“gene migration” or “allele flow” is the transfer of genetic material from one population to another
What is non-random mating?
occurs when the probability that two individuals in a population will mate is not the same for all possible pairs of individuals
What is the bottleneck effect
“genetic bottleneck” is a sharp reduction in the size of a population due to environmental events such as famine, earthquakes, floods, fires, diseases & drought or human activity such as pesticides and population planing
What is migration
The greater the difference in allele frequencies between the resident and the migrant individual, and the greater the number of migrants, the greater the effect the migrants will have in changing the genetic constitution of the resident population
What are mutations
Mutations are a weak force for changing allele frequencies, but a strong force for introducing new alleles
What are the various symbiotic relationships and their definitions
-commensalism: a biological relationship between two species in which one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefits
-Mutualism: A relationship between two species where both will benefit in some way
-Parasitism: A relationship between species where one organism, the parasite(who benefits) lives on or inside another organism(the host) and harms it in the process
What is interspecific and intraspecfic competition? What’s the difference?
-Interspecific competition: competition between different species
intraspecific competition: competition between the same species
What is mimicry and camouflage, what’s the difference
Mimicry: Mimicry is an evolved resemblance between an organism and another object, often an organism of another species. This may involve morphological, physical or behavioural traits
Camouflage: A defence mechanism or tactic that organisms use to disguise their appearance, usually to blend in with their surroundings. Organisms use camouflage to mask their location, identity and movement.
Mimicry is a species attempting to pass as another species or object, whereas camouflage is a species attempting to better blend in with their surroundings
What is primary succession and secondary succession
Primary succession: The changing of an environment from bare rock(no soil) to a complex community( multiple plant/animal species)
Secondary succession: The return of life to an area that has lost its vegetation
what is a pioneer species
The initial species to appear during succession
