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Biology 20 > Unit D -human system (nutriments) > Flashcards

Unit D -human system (nutriments) Flashcards

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1
Q

What does isomers mean

A

Same formula different structures

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2
Q

Isomers examples

A

Glucose, fructose, galactose

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3
Q

In an ideal diet what is our major source of energy

A

Carbohydrates

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4
Q

What is a disaccharide?

A

Double sugars, two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis

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5
Q

Common monosaccharides

A

Glucose, fructose, galactose

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6
Q

Why do we need carbohydrates

A

Major source of energy

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7
Q

3 disaccharides

A

Lactose, sucrose, maltose

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8
Q

What is triglycerides made of

A

3 fatty acids and I glycerol

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9
Q

Why does Calvin cycle happen in stroma?

A

That’s where the enzymes are

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10
Q

What does hydroxyl make and what is it’s structure

A

O-H makes alcohol

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11
Q

What does amine make and what is it’s structure

A

Makes amine N-H-H

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12
Q

What does carboxyl make and structure

A

Makes carboxylique acids C=O-O-H

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13
Q

What is a polymer

A

Chain of repeating monomers

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14
Q

What can monosaccharides be used for

A

Cell respiration

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15
Q

Common polysaccharides

A

Chitin, glycogen, starch

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16
Q

What is lactose made of

A

Glucose and galactose

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17
Q

What is sucrose made of

A

Glucose and fructose

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18
Q

Four components of the digestive process

A

Ingestion digestion absorption Egestion

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19
Q

During egestion what are we removing

A

Dead cells, bacteria, fiber

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20
Q

What is the product of digestion of carbohydrates

A

Simple sugars (glucose)

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21
Q

What is the product of digestion of proteins

A

Amino acids

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22
Q

What is the product of digestion of fats

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

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23
Q

What is mechanical digestion

A

The breakdown of food into smaller pieces without altering the chemical structure of the molecule

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24
Q

What is chemical digestion

A

Breakdown of molecules into smaller pieces enhanced by enzymes

25
Q

What are the three salivary gland and where are they

A

parotid (side of face in front of ear), submaxillary( along lower jaw), sublingual (below tongue)

26
Q

What does peristalsis mean

A

Wave like contraction of smooth muscles to push food along the digestive system

27
Q

Why does the stomach walls have deep fold called rugae

A

More surface area

28
Q

What is the stomach wall called and what does it do

A

Mucosa, secreates gastric fluid

29
Q

What is gastrin

A

Chemical message hormone

30
Q

What is HCI

A

Hydrochloric acid

31
Q

What does HCI do

A

Produced by parietal cells, the pH helps destroy microbes and activate pepsinogen

32
Q

What is secreated by chief cells

A

Pepsinogen and rennin

33
Q

What are the three sections of the small intestine

A

Duodenum, jejenum, lleum

34
Q

What are the small intestine sections

A

DJI

35
Q

What is the largest gland in the body

A

The liver

36
Q

What does a gland do

A

Makes secreation

37
Q

What produces bile

A

Liver

38
Q

What does the liver store

A

Glycogen, vitamins ABD

39
Q

Bike is not an enzyme true or false

A

True

40
Q

What do bile salts do

A

Perform mechanical digestion to increase surface area of fats

41
Q

What does the gallbladder store

A

Bile

42
Q

What does the pancreas secrete

A

Insulin and glycogen hormones

43
Q

What does trypsine do

A

Breaks long peptide chains into smaller ones

44
Q

What does chymotrysin do

A

Breaks long peptide jeans into even smaller ones than trypsine

45
Q

What does carboxypetidase do

A

Splits peptides into individual amino acids

46
Q

 what does pancreatic amylase do

A

Breaks down carbohydrates starch to maltose

47
Q

What do nucleases do

A

Breaks down DNA and rna into nucleaotides

48
Q

What does lipase do

A

Breaks down fat into fatty acids and glycerol

49
Q

What is monitored by the pancreas

A

Blood glucose levels

50
Q

What does the pancreas do is blood glucose is low

A

The pancreas secretes glucagon hormones

51
Q

What causes the liver to convert glycogen to glucose

A

Glucagon

52
Q

What does the pancreas secret

A

 Insulin hormone

53
Q

What does insulin allow to do in the liver

A

Convert glucose to glycogen and allows sugar to enter cells

54
Q

What happens when blood glucose levels are too high

A

Pancreas releases insulin

55
Q

What happens when blood glucose levels are too low

A

Pancreas releases GlucaGen

56
Q

What are three functions of the large intestine

A

Water reabsorption vitamin absorption and storage of faeces

57
Q

What is exocrine

A

Outside body (hose and water)

58
Q

Endocrine

A

Into bloodstream

Biology 20 (2 decks)

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