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Unit D -human system (nutriments) Flashcards

1
Q

What does isomers mean

A

Same formula different structures

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2
Q

Isomers examples

A

Glucose, fructose, galactose

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3
Q

In an ideal diet what is our major source of energy

A

Carbohydrates

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4
Q

What is a disaccharide?

A

Double sugars, two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis

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5
Q

Common monosaccharides

A

Glucose, fructose, galactose

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6
Q

Why do we need carbohydrates

A

Major source of energy

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7
Q

3 disaccharides

A

Lactose, sucrose, maltose

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8
Q

What is triglycerides made of

A

3 fatty acids and I glycerol

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9
Q

Why does Calvin cycle happen in stroma?

A

That’s where the enzymes are

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10
Q

What does hydroxyl make and what is it’s structure

A

O-H makes alcohol

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11
Q

What does amine make and what is it’s structure

A

Makes amine N-H-H

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12
Q

What does carboxyl make and structure

A

Makes carboxylique acids C=O-O-H

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13
Q

What is a polymer

A

Chain of repeating monomers

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14
Q

What can monosaccharides be used for

A

Cell respiration

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15
Q

Common polysaccharides

A

Chitin, glycogen, starch

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16
Q

What is lactose made of

A

Glucose and galactose

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17
Q

What is sucrose made of

A

Glucose and fructose

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18
Q

Four components of the digestive process

A

Ingestion digestion absorption Egestion

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19
Q

During egestion what are we removing

A

Dead cells, bacteria, fiber

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20
Q

What is the product of digestion of carbohydrates

A

Simple sugars (glucose)

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21
Q

What is the product of digestion of proteins

A

Amino acids

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22
Q

What is the product of digestion of fats

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

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23
Q

What is mechanical digestion

A

The breakdown of food into smaller pieces without altering the chemical structure of the molecule

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24
Q

What is chemical digestion

A

Breakdown of molecules into smaller pieces enhanced by enzymes

25
What are the three salivary gland and where are they
parotid (side of face in front of ear), submaxillary( along lower jaw), sublingual (below tongue)
26
What does peristalsis mean
Wave like contraction of smooth muscles to push food along the digestive system
27
Why does the stomach walls have deep fold called rugae
More surface area
28
What is the stomach wall called and what does it do
Mucosa, secreates gastric fluid
29
What is gastrin
Chemical message hormone
30
What is HCI
Hydrochloric acid
31
What does HCI do
Produced by parietal cells, the pH helps destroy microbes and activate pepsinogen
32
What is secreated by chief cells
Pepsinogen and rennin
33
What are the three sections of the small intestine
Duodenum, jejenum, lleum
34
What are the small intestine sections
DJI
35
What is the largest gland in the body
The liver
36
What does a gland do
Makes secreation
37
What produces bile
Liver
38
What does the liver store
Glycogen, vitamins ABD
39
Bike is not an enzyme true or false
True
40
What do bile salts do
Perform mechanical digestion to increase surface area of fats
41
What does the gallbladder store
Bile
42
What does the pancreas secrete
Insulin and glycogen hormones
43
What does trypsine do
Breaks long peptide chains into smaller ones
44
What does chymotrysin do
Breaks long peptide jeans into even smaller ones than trypsine
45
What does carboxypetidase do
Splits peptides into individual amino acids
46
 what does pancreatic amylase do
Breaks down carbohydrates starch to maltose
47
What do nucleases do
Breaks down DNA and rna into nucleaotides
48
What does lipase do
Breaks down fat into fatty acids and glycerol
49
What is monitored by the pancreas
Blood glucose levels
50
What does the pancreas do is blood glucose is low
The pancreas secretes glucagon hormones
51
What causes the liver to convert glycogen to glucose
Glucagon
52
What does the pancreas secret
 Insulin hormone
53
What does insulin allow to do in the liver
Convert glucose to glycogen and allows sugar to enter cells
54
What happens when blood glucose levels are too high
Pancreas releases insulin
55
What happens when blood glucose levels are too low
Pancreas releases GlucaGen
56
What are three functions of the large intestine
Water reabsorption vitamin absorption and storage of faeces
57
What is exocrine
Outside body (hose and water)
58
Endocrine
Into bloodstream

Biology 20 (2 decks)

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