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bio 20 > unit d excretory system > Flashcards

unit d excretory system Flashcards

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1
Q

ions are solely transported by active transport in this secretion of the nephron

A

the distal tubule

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2
Q

glucose in the urine, extreme fatigue and thirst might indicate this disease

A

diabetes mellitus

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3
Q

to move substances out of the body is called ________

A

excretion

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4
Q

process of ________ : blood plasma moving into the nephron

A

filtration

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5
Q

process of _______ : particles move out of the blood and into the nephron

A

absorption

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6
Q

the removal of an amino group from a protein is called _________
(happens in the liver)

A

deamination

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7
Q

forms the mid section of the kidney

A

medulla

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8
Q

these capillaries wrap themselves around the tubule of the nephron

A

peritubular capillaries

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9
Q

this part of the nephron only works under high pressure

A

glomerulus / bowman’s capsule

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10
Q

these organs are the site of excretion

A

kidneys

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11
Q

this hormone adjusts water homeostasis by making the distal tubule more permeable to water

A

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

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12
Q

urine with blood proteins in it might be the result of this disease

A

nephritis

pores of the nephron become enlarged and proteins can squeeze through

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13
Q

when the maximum amount of a substance has moved across the nephron

A

threshold level

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14
Q

this blood cleaning technique makes use of the internal organ linings

A

peritoneal dialysis

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15
Q

these calcium deposits form in the kidneys and will need to be passed quickly

A

kidney stones

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16
Q

tube responsible for transport of urine out of the body

A

urethra

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17
Q

these tubes connect to the distal tubule and lead to the renal pelvis

A

collecting ducts

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18
Q

the most commonly concentrated solute found in the collecting ducts

A

urea

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19
Q

this energy compound is immediately reabsorbed in the proximal tube

A

glucose

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20
Q

this 85% successful procedure might be in trouble if the immune system doesn’t cooperate

A

kidney transplant

21
Q

majorly about water absorption

A

descending loop of henle

22
Q

what is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

nephron

23
Q

the hollow part of the kidney that joins the ureters

A

renal pelvis

24
Q

this ion is secreted in order to control blood pH homeostasis

A

hydrogen

25
Q

path of blood in the kidneys

A

enters through renal artery - afferent arterioles - supplies nephrons with blood - glomerulus - leaves through efferent arterioles - blood is carried to peritubular capillaries around the kidney tubule - leaves through the renal vein

26
Q

what is uric acid?

A

formed by breakdown of nucleic acids

27
Q

what is the pathway of urine excretion ( waste )

A 
renal arteries ( branch from abdominal aorta ) - kidneys - ureters - urinary bladder - urinary sphincter 
( valve ) - urethra - leaves body
28
Q

what are the 3 layers of kidney

A
  1. cortex ( outer )
  2. medulla ( middle )
  3. renal pelvis ( hollow chamber in very centre )
29
Q

what is the afferent arteriole?

A

carries blood TO the glomerulus

30
Q

what is the efferent arteriole?

A

caries blood AWAY from the glomerulus

31
Q

what is the peritubular capillary?

A

small blood vessels that surround tubule of the nephron

32
Q

what is the glomerulus?

A

high pressure capillary bed that is the site of filtration

33
Q

what is the ureter?

A

tube connecting kidney to bladder (transports urine)

34
Q

what is the urethra?

A

tube that carries urine from the bladder to the exterior of body (pee pee)

35
Q

what is the bowman’s capsule?

A

cup like structure that surrounds the glomerulus

36
Q

what is the proximal tubule?

A

joins bowman’s capsule to loop of henle

37
Q

what is the loop of henle?

A

section of the tubule that carries filtrate from proximal tubule to distal tubule

38
Q

what is the distal tubule?

A

connects loop of henle to collecting duct

39
Q

what are the collecting ducks?

A

tube that carries urine from nephrons to renal pelvis

40
Q

what is the pathway of urine in the kidney?

A

filtration:

enters the bowman’s capsule from the blood - proximal tubule ( thin tube ) - loop of henle - descends into medulla - distal tubule - collecting ducts - collects urine and merges into the pelvis of the kidney

41
Q

what is found in the kidney cortex?

A

bowman’s capsule, afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole

42
Q

what is secretion?

A

transport of materials from blood into nephron

43
Q

what is reabsorption?

A

transfer of essential solutes back and water from nephron back into blood

44
Q

what is filtration? (basic explanation)

A

movement of fluid from blood to bowmans capsule.

45
Q

what is filtration? (in detail)

A

dissolved solutes passing through walls of glomerulus and into bowmans capsule however plasma, blood cells and platelets are too big to move through the walls of the B capsule.
water, sodium chlordie, glucose, amino acids, hydrogen ions, urea are all the solutes that can pass through.

46
Q

what is aldosterone?

A

a hormone that increasesreabsorbtion of sodium and water, which helps maintain water levels.

47
Q

what is ADH?

A

a chemical produced in the brain that causes blood vessels to constrict so that the kidneys to release less water, decreasing the amount of urine produced

48
Q

what happens if ADH levels are too low?

A

the kidneys will excrete too much water, urine volume will increase leading to dehydration and a fall in blood pressure

49
Q

what happens if aldosterone level are too low?

A

dehydration, low blood pressure, a low blood sodium level, and a high potassium level

bio 20 (3 decks)

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