Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio 20 > Unit D - Circulatory System, Blood, and The Immune System > Flashcards

Unit D - Circulatory System, Blood, and The Immune System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Arteries

A
  • Blood vessel that carry blood away from the heart
  • When the heart contracts, blood enters the arteries
  • The arteries stretch to accommodate the amount of blood (thick wall and large diameter)
  • Under high pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pulse

A
  • The change in diameter of the arteries following heart contractions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A
  • Controls the motor nerves that regulate equilibrium
  • Controls the diameter of the arterioles
  • Not under conscious control
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Vasoconstriction

A
  • Narrowing of blood vessels, allowing less blood to the tissues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Vasodilation

A
  • The widening of blood vessels, allowing more blood to the tissues
  • Allows the cells in that area to perform energy- consuming tasks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Atherosclerosis

A
  • Degeneration of blood vessels caused by the accumulation of fat deposits in the inner wall
  • Narrows the inside diameter of the blood vessel
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Arteriosclerosis (Arterial disease)

A
  • A group of disorders that cause the blood to thicken, harden, and lose elasticity
  • High blood pressure
  • Blood clots can be formed, blocking off blood flow to the heart
  • Can lead to chest pains and heart attack
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Aneurysm

A
  • Bulge formed in the weakened wall of a blood vessel (usually an artery)
  • The weakened segment of the artery can eventually rupture due to low support
  • Can cause a stroke if it occurs in the brain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Capillaries

A
  • Sites of fluid and gas exchange between blood and body cells
  • Very small diameter (one red blood cell)
  • Can be very easily ruptured (high blood pressure, impact like a punch, etc) -> Creates bruising when blood rushes into the spaces between tissues
  • Oxygen is diffused from the blood into surrounding tissues
  • Deoxygenated blood is carried back to the heart
  • Water-soluble ions and vitamins can also be diffused
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Veins

A
  • Bring blood back to the heart
  • Large diameter
  • Have low pressure
  • Have valves
  • Contracting skeletal muscles squeeze the veins, pushing blood to the heart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Valves

A
  • Located in the veins
  • Close when skeletal muscles are not being contracted so the blood does not rush away from the heart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The chambers of the heart

A
  • Right atrium and left atrium found at the top of the heart
  • Right ventricle and left ventricle found at the bottom
  • Right is deoxygenated
  • Left is oxygenated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The valves of the heart

A
  • Tricuspid valve (right top side of the heart)
  • Bicuspid valve (left top side of the heart)
  • Semilunar valve (splits bottom part of heart in half)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Septum

A
  • A wall of muscle that separates the left and right sides of the heart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is blood pumped to the heart?

A
  • The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the tissues in the body
  • This blood is pumped to the lungs to be oxygenated
  • The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood and pumps it to the rest of the body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pulmonary circulatory system

A

The system of blood vessels that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood back to the heart

17
Q

Systematic circulatory system

A

The system of blood vessels that carries oxygenated blood to the tissues of the body and deoxygenated blood back to the heart

18
Q

Atrium

A
  • Thin walled chambers found at the top of the heart
  • Receives blood from the veins
19
Q

Ventricle

A
  • Chamber at the bottom of the heart that delivers blood to the arteries
  • Thick-walled
20
Q

Atrioventricular valves (AV)

A
  • A heart valve that prevents the back flow of blood from a ventricle into an atrium
  • Separates the atria from the ventricle
21
Q

Semilunar valve

A
  • A heart valve that prevents the back flow of blood from an artery into a ventricle
  • Seperates the ventricles from the arteries
  • Half moon shaped
22
Q

Aorta

A
  • The largest artery in your body
  • Carries oxygenated blood to the tissues
23
Q

Coronary arteries

A
  • Form an important branch of the aorta
  • Supply the heart’s muscle cells with oxygen and nutrients
24
Q

What is the difference between the pulmonary and systemic circulatory system?

A
  • Pulmonary are the blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood to the heart
  • Systemic are the blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood blood to the tissues of the body and deoxygenated blood to the heart
25
Q

Simoatrial Node (SA)

A
  • small mass of tissue (nerves) in the right atrium that originates the pulse of the heartbeat
  • sets the pace of the heartbeat
26
Q

Atrioventricular Node (AV)

A
  • ## small mass of tissue in the right atrioventricular region through which impulses from the SA node are passed to the ventricles
27
Q

Purkinje Fibres

A
  • carries nerve impulses from the AV throughout the ventricles
  • first go to the bottom of the heart, then back through the ventricles up to the atrium
28
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A
  • Send impulses from the brain to the SA node
  • Increase heart rate when experiencing stress
  • Increases blood flow to tissues
29
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A
  • Stimulated during times of relaxation to slow down the heart rate
  • Returns the body to normal resting levels after experiencing stress
30
Q

What is a myogenic muscle?

A

Muscle that contracts without external nerve stimulation

31
Q

Diastole

A
  • Relaxed heart muscles
  • Atria and ventricles relaxed
  • Atria fills with blood
32
Q

Systole

A
  • Contraction of the heart muscles
  • AV valves open and blood flows from the atria to the ventricles
  • Ventricles contract forcing the AV valves shut and pushing blood out of the heart
33
Q

The heart pumping blood

A
  • Blood enters the heart through the atria
  • Ventricles pump the blood to body tissues
  • Atrioventricular valves prevent the flow of blood from the ventricles back into the atria
  • Semilunar valves prevent the flow of blood from arteries back into the ventricles
  • Coronary arteries supply the heart with oxygen and nutrients
34
Q

Cardiac output

A

Amount of blood the heart can pump each minute

35
Q

Blood pressure

A
  • The force of blood on the walls of the arteries
  • Higher in vessels closer to the heart
  • Increased cardiac output increases blood pressure, if arteries are constricted blood flow is slower and blood pressure is higher
36
Q

Extracellular fluid

A
  • Fluid that occupies the spaces between cells and tissues
  • Includes plasma and interstitial fluid
37
Q

Capillary fluid exchange

A
  • Capillaries are associated with fluid exchange between blood and the extracellular fluid (ECF)
  • The movement of water between blood and ECF is regulated by fluid pressure and osmotic pressure
  • Water moves from an area of high fluid pressure (capillary) to an area of low fluid pressure (ECF)
  • Proteins and minerals in the blood cause fluid from the ECF to move into the blood
38
Q

Lymphatic system

A
  • Proteins in the ECF are returned to the circulatory system by the lymphatic system
  • Lymph nodes house the white blood cells that filter bacteria
  • Red bone marrow is where all types of blood cells are produced
  • The spleen stores and purifies blood, it releases red blood cells in response to low blood pressure or low oxygen levels in blood

Bio 20 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions