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Chemistry 20 > Unit C - Solutions: Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Unit C - Solutions: Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a Solute?

A

Substance that is dissolved.

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2
Q

What is a Solvent?

A

Substance which does the dissolving.

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3
Q

What is a Solution?

A

A homogeneous mixture.

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4
Q

What is a Homogeneous Mixture?

A
  • It’s when all sections or parts look like one.

- Uniform composition of solvent and one or more solutes.

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5
Q

What is a Heterogeneous Mixture?

A
  • A mixture; components are visible.

- The composition of components varies throughout the mixture.

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6
Q

What are electrolytes?

A

It has the ability of conducting electricity.

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7
Q

What are non-electrolytes?

A

It does not have the ability of conducting electricity.

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8
Q

What is ionization?

A

A neutral atom which converts to an ion.

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9
Q

What is dissociation?

A

Describes the separation that happens when an ionic compound dissolves.

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10
Q

What are the properties of acids?

A
  • pH less than 7.
  • They taste sour.
  • They neutralize bases.
  • They turn litmus red.
  • They react with active metals (group 1) to manufacture hydrogen gas.
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11
Q

What are the properties of bases?

A
  • pH greater than 7.
  • They taste bitter.
  • They neutralize acids.
  • They turn litmus blue.
  • They feel slippery for touch.
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12
Q

What is the conductivity of molecular compounds, ionic compounds, acids, and bases?

A

Bases - ionize-dissociate
Acids - dissociate
Molecular Compounds - bonds of the molecule, break, separate then disperse
Ionic Compounds - bonds of the compound, break, separate into cation and anion forms.

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13
Q

What is endothermic and exothermic reactions with the terms “bond breaking” and “bond making” of reactants and products?

A

Endothermic Reactions - reactions where there is more energy absorbed to break the bonds of the reactants compared to the amount of energy released to form new bonds for products.

Exothermic Reactions - reactions where there is more energy released to form new bonds of the products than the amount of energy absorbed to break bonds of the reactants.

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14
Q

What is the formula for %volume by volume?

A

Vsolute / Vsolution x 100%

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15
Q

What is the formula for %weight by volume?

A

msolute / Vsolution x 100%

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16
Q

What is the formula for %weight by weight?

A

Msolute / msolution x 100%

17
Q

What is the definition of parts per million?

A

Very dilute concentration.

18
Q

What are the 3 formulas I can use for Ppm?

A

Ppm = msolute (g) / msolvent (g) x 10 the power of 6

Ppm = msolute (mg) / Vsolute (L)

Ppm = msolute (mg) / msolvent (kg)

19
Q

What is Molar Concentration?

A

SI unit expressed for concentration as moles per litre for solution.

20
Q

What is the formula for Molar Concentration?

A

Concentration = nsolute / Vsolution

21
Q

What are the steps to prepare a solution in the lab?

A
  • Collect the mass of solute using the electronic balance.
  • Dissolve the mass in 40 mL to 50 mL of distilled water.
  • Transfer the contents from the beaker into the volumetric flask and then add distilled water to the flask until the 100 mL is reached.
  • Dilute the volume.
22
Q

What is dilution?

A

A solution can be made less concentrated by simply adding more solvent.

23
Q

What is the formula for Dilution?

A

C1V1 = C2V2

24
Q

What is solubility?

A

The amount of a substance that dissolves in a given amount of solvent.

25
Q

What is a saturated solution?

A

A solution in which no additional solute will dissolve, at a specific temperature.

26
Q

Is a saturated solution at equilibrium?

A

When the solution has more than 1 hydrogen ion.

27
Q

What are the solubility trends of different molecules and compounds? Trends in the solubility of gases?

A

For ionic
Temperature: up
Solubility: down

For the other one
Temperature: up
Solubility: up

Chemistry 20 (6 decks)

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