Unit C - Solutions: Chapter 5 Flashcards
What is a Solute?
Substance that is dissolved.
What is a Solvent?
Substance which does the dissolving.
What is a Solution?
A homogeneous mixture.
What is a Homogeneous Mixture?
- It’s when all sections or parts look like one.
- Uniform composition of solvent and one or more solutes.
What is a Heterogeneous Mixture?
- A mixture; components are visible.
- The composition of components varies throughout the mixture.
What are electrolytes?
It has the ability of conducting electricity.
What are non-electrolytes?
It does not have the ability of conducting electricity.
What is ionization?
A neutral atom which converts to an ion.
What is dissociation?
Describes the separation that happens when an ionic compound dissolves.
What are the properties of acids?
- pH less than 7.
- They taste sour.
- They neutralize bases.
- They turn litmus red.
- They react with active metals (group 1) to manufacture hydrogen gas.
What are the properties of bases?
- pH greater than 7.
- They taste bitter.
- They neutralize acids.
- They turn litmus blue.
- They feel slippery for touch.
What is the conductivity of molecular compounds, ionic compounds, acids, and bases?
Bases - ionize-dissociate
Acids - dissociate
Molecular Compounds - bonds of the molecule, break, separate then disperse
Ionic Compounds - bonds of the compound, break, separate into cation and anion forms.
What is endothermic and exothermic reactions with the terms “bond breaking” and “bond making” of reactants and products?
Endothermic Reactions - reactions where there is more energy absorbed to break the bonds of the reactants compared to the amount of energy released to form new bonds for products.
Exothermic Reactions - reactions where there is more energy released to form new bonds of the products than the amount of energy absorbed to break bonds of the reactants.
What is the formula for %volume by volume?
Vsolute / Vsolution x 100%
What is the formula for %weight by volume?
msolute / Vsolution x 100%
What is the formula for %weight by weight?
Msolute / msolution x 100%
What is the definition of parts per million?
Very dilute concentration.
What are the 3 formulas I can use for Ppm?
Ppm = msolute (g) / msolvent (g) x 10 the power of 6
Ppm = msolute (mg) / Vsolute (L)
Ppm = msolute (mg) / msolvent (kg)
What is Molar Concentration?
SI unit expressed for concentration as moles per litre for solution.
What is the formula for Molar Concentration?
Concentration = nsolute / Vsolution
What are the steps to prepare a solution in the lab?
- Collect the mass of solute using the electronic balance.
- Dissolve the mass in 40 mL to 50 mL of distilled water.
- Transfer the contents from the beaker into the volumetric flask and then add distilled water to the flask until the 100 mL is reached.
- Dilute the volume.
What is dilution?
A solution can be made less concentrated by simply adding more solvent.
What is the formula for Dilution?
C1V1 = C2V2
What is solubility?
The amount of a substance that dissolves in a given amount of solvent.
