Unit B Science Review

Question 1

Describe the six characteristics of living things.

Answer 1

Reproduction
made of cells
Need energy
Grow and develop
Respond to the environment
Have adaptations to their environment.

Question 2

What is the basic unit of life?

Answer 2

A cell

Question 3

Explain the relationship between cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.

Answer 3

The cells are what make up the tissue which is the lining of the organs and the organs make up the organ system.

Question 4

Define the word “organelle.”

Answer 4

A structure within a cell that has a specific function

Question 5

Cell Membrane:

Answer 5

the selectively permeable structure enclosing the contents of a cell or organelle; regulates the passage of substances into and out of a cell or organelle.

Question 6

Cell Wall:

Answer 6

a rigid structure surrounding the cell membrane of plants, fungi, and some unicellular organisms; protects and supports the cell.

Question 7

Cytoplasm:

Answer 7

the gel-like substance within the cell membrane that contains and supports the structures of the cell.

Question 8

Nucleus:

Answer 8

in a cell, an organelle that controls all the cell’s activities.
Vacuoles:
in a cell, an organelle that controls all the cell’s activities.

Question 9

Mitochondria:

Answer 9

When food goes into the body the Mitochondria break down the food into energy for the body.

Question 10

Chloroplasts:

Answer 10

an organelle (cell part) that contains chlorophyll and enables plants to make carbohydrates through the process of photosynthesis; found only in plants and in some.

Question 11

Which of the following organelles in question #5 are only found in plant cells?

Answer 11

Chloroplast is the only organelle found in plant cells.

Question 12

Define unicellular and list one example of a unicellular organism.

Answer 12

Def: Having a single cell

ex) bacteria and fungi

Question 13

Define multicellular and list one example of a multicellular organism.

Answer 13

Def: having many cells

ex) humans, animals, plants

Question 14

Diffusion:

Answer 14

the movement of particles in liquids and gasses from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Question 15

Osmosis:

Answer 15

the diffusion of a solvent, usually water, through a selectively permeable membrane.

Question 16

Selectively Permeable Membrane:

Answer 16

allowing only certain materials to pass through.

Question 17

Circulatory System:

Answer 17

transport system reaching every cell in the body; delivers nutrients absorbed by the digestive system and oxygen absorbed by the respiratory system to every cell; transports waste products from cells for removal by the excretory system; defends the body against disease; connects all organ systems

Question 18

Respiratory System:

Answer 18

supplies blood with oxygen from the outside air and removes carbon dioxide from your blood

Question 19

Digestive System:

Answer 19

breaks down the food you eat into parts small enough to be absorbed and transported throughout the body

Question 20

Nervous System:

Answer 20

coordinates and controls all organs and organ systems; detects, processes, and responds to stimuli

Question 21

Excretory System:

Answer 21

removes chemical and gaseous wastes from the body; involves organs from other bodily systems

Question 22

Stomach:

Answer 22

To digest your food

Question 23

Small Intestine:

Answer 23

It helps to further digest food coming from the stomach

Question 24

Large Intestine:

Answer 24

he large intestine absorbs water, along with some vitamins and minerals.

Question 25

Mechanical Digestion:

Answer 25

physical breakdown of food into smaller particles.

Question 26

Chemical Digestion:

Answer 26

breakdown of larger food particles into smaller food particles by enzymes.

Question 27

lungs

Answer 27

:Move fresh air into your body while removing gas waste

Question 28

bronchi

Answer 28

the respiratory system draws oxygen rich air into the lungs through a series of tube like passageways

Question 29

Bronchioles:

Answer 29

in the lungs, a small, narrow tube branching off from the bronchus

Question 30

Alveoli:

Answer 30

600 000 000 tiny, air filled sacs

Question 31

heart

Answer 31

the right side of the heart pumps the blood into your lungs. The left side of your heart receives the oxygen rich blood from your lungs and pumps it into the parts of your body.

Question 32

Arteries:

Answer 32

a blood vessel that carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart

Question 33

veins

Answer 33

a blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart

Question 34

Capillaries

Answer 34

: the smallest type of blood vessel; connects arteries and veins

Question 35

Kidneys:

Answer 35

It acts as a filter to filter the blood, straining out the unwanted urea, water and other salts and they produce urine. Every drop of blood is filtered 300 times a day.

Question 36

ureters

Answer 36

long tubes connecting the kidneys to the bladder.

Question 37

bladder

Answer 37

a sac covered in muscle tissue urine enters the bladder and the bladder expands.

Question 38

nephrons

Answer 38

the capillaries enter filtered units.

Question 39

liver

Answer 39

It takes the highly toxic ammonia produced by the body’s cells out of their bloodstream and converts it into a less harmful substance.

Question 40

Brain:

Answer 40

To control the body and its movements and thoughts and breathing hunger and every other process that regulates our bodies

Question 41

Spinal Cord:

Answer 41

carries the nervous system from your brain to your body and vice versa.

Question 42

Sensory Neurons:

Answer 42

cells that carry information from the body to the central nervous system.

Question 43

Motor Neurons:

Answer 43

carry information from the central nervous system to the muscles or other organs.

Question 44

Peripheral Nervous System:

Answer 44

division of the nervous system composed of the cranial and spinal nerves.

Question 45

Central Nervous System:

Answer 45

division of the nervous system composed of the brain and spinal cord.

Question 46

Louis Pasteur:

Answer 46

French chemist, Louis Pasteur, was the first person to identify living microorganisms as “germs”. He later proved germs were the cause of most infections/diseases. He found ways to prevent/cure many common/deadly diseases.

Question 47

Edward Jenner:

Answer 47

In the late 1700s, Edward Jenner (English country doctor) saw milkmaids w/cowpox (mild/related form of smallpox) rarely got smallpox. He concluded contracting mild cowpox would make them immune. He infected people w/cowpox on purpose. This is the world’s first vaccine.

Question 48

James Lind:

Answer 48

In 1747, British naval surgeon James Lind discovered eating oranges/lemons cured scurvy. Later, they found the cause of scurvy was lack of vitamin C.

Question 49

Describe how the smallpox vaccine was created.

Answer 49

He concluded contracting mild cowpox would make them immune. He infected people w/cowpox on purpose. This is the world’s first vaccine. Vaccine: a substance taken/injected into animals/people to produce immunity.

Question 50

Define “pasteurization” and explain why it is important.

Answer 50

heating food to high temps to kill harmful microorganisms.

Question 51

Explain two health consequences of smoking cigarettes

Answer 51

The tar in smoke settles on the surface of your respiratory organs. Research shows tar makes cilia clump together/prevents the movement of mucus.

Question 52

Explain which organ systems will be most affected by eating a healthy diet.

Answer 52

The digestive system