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Science 8 > Unit B - Cells and Systems > Flashcards

Unit B - Cells and Systems Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the characteristics of living things?

A

Cells, energy, growth and development, respond to the environment, reproduction and adaption

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2
Q

What is a structure?

A

part of an organism that preforms sepcific tasks

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3
Q

What is a function?

A

purpose or task of a structure

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4
Q

What is excretion?

A

living things generate and expel waste

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5
Q

What is growth?

A

living things undergo life cycles, they start small and get larger as the cells that make them up divide

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6
Q

What is nutrition?

A

living things take in nutrients from their environment, which helps them grow

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7
Q

What does it mean to respond to stimulus?

A

living things adapt and react to their environment

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8
Q

What is reporduction?

A

living things produce other living things of the same species

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9
Q

What is respiration?

A

living things exchange gases with their environment

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10
Q

What is diffusion?

A

the movement of substances from an area of high concentration to and area of lower concentration

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11
Q

What is osmosis?

A

the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

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12
Q

Animal cells:

A

centriole, cell membrane, vacuole, cytoplasm, mitochondria, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, vesicle

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13
Q

What does the centriole do?

A

helps organize the movement of chromosomes during cell division

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14
Q

What does the cell membrane do?

A

surronds and protects the cell

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15
Q

What does the vacuole do?

A

it is a sac that stores water, nutrients or waste products

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16
Q

What is the cytoplasm?

A

it is a jelly-like substance within the cell membrane

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17
Q

What does the mitochondria do?

A

it converts the nutrients into energy

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18
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

it is a structure that contains DNA and regulates genes

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19
Q

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

passageways where chemicals are made

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20
Q

What is the golgi apparatus?

A

stack of membranes that package chemicals

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21
Q

What is the vesicle?

A

a package created by the golgi apparatus

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22
Q

Plant cells:

A

chloroplast, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, vacuole, plastid, mitochondria, cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm

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23
Q

What does the chloroplast do?

A

converts sunlight to chemical energy

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24
Q

What does the plastid do?

A

stores food or pigments

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25
Q

What does the cell wall do?

A

it supports the plant and helps it maintain its shape

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26
Q

Bacterial cells:

A

capsule, cell wall, cell membrane, nucleoid, plasmid, flagellum, cytoskeleton, ribosome, pilus, cytoplasm

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27
Q

What is the capsule?

A

outermost layer of the cell that provides portection

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28
Q

What is the nucleoid?

A

a region inside the cell that contains genetic material but is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane

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29
Q

What is a plasmid?

A

a circular piece of genetic material

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30
Q

What is the flagellum?

A

a hair-like structure that the cell uses for movement

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31
Q

What is the ribosome?

A

small structures that synthesize proteins

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32
Q

What is the pilus?

A

the hair-like structure that attaches the cell to the surface and can transfer genetic material from one cell to another

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33
Q

What is the purpose of the excretory system?

A

to remove waste products from the body

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34
Q

What organs are involved in the excretory system?

A

kidney, liver and skin

35
Q

What does the kidney do?

A

carries urea from the liver to the kidneys

36
Q

What does the liver do?

A

converts the ammonia to less harmful substance called urea

37
Q

What does the skin do?

A

removes excess salt from the body through sweating

38
Q

What is the purpose of the digestive system?

A

breaks nutrients into small enough parts so the body can absorb them

39
Q

What organs are involved in the digestive system?

A

esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, mouth, teeth, gall bladder, tongue, liver, salivary glands, epiglottis, pancreas, rectum

40
Q

What is the esophagus?

A

a tube-like organ that connects the mouth and the stomach

41
Q

What does the stomach do?

A

churns the food back and forth, mixing the food with gastric juices that chemically digest proteins into smaller pieces

42
Q

What is the large intestine?

A

water, vitamins and minerals are absorbed here. Food parts that have not been digested turn into feces

43
Q

What is the small intestine?

A

digestive juices from the pancreas along with other enzymes complete the breakdown od starches and proteins into very small particles, which are absorbed by villi

44
Q

What does the mouth do?

A

takes in food

45
Q

What do the teeth do?

A

mechanically digest the food by grinding it and mixing it with saliva

46
Q

What does the gall bladder do?

A

stores bile and sends it to the small intestine

47
Q

What does the tongue to?

A

pushes chewed bits to the back of the throat

48
Q

What does the liver do?

A

produces bile, which breaks up large globules of lipids to smaller droplets

49
Q

What does the slaivary glands do?

A

produce saliva and water containing an enzyme called amylase

50
Q

What is the epiglottis?

A

flap of skin that moves through the windpipe, funneling food into the esophagus

51
Q

What does the pancreas do?

A

sends digestive enzymes into the small intestine

52
Q

What is the rectum?

A

feces exit the body through this organ

53
Q

What is the purpose of the respiratory system?

A

to move fresh oxygen into your body while removing waste products

54
Q

What organs are involved in the respiratory system?

A

trachea, nose, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, lungs, diaphragm, pharynx, larynx

55
Q

What is the trachea?

A

a long tube that leads down to the lungs, then divides into the right and left bronchi

56
Q

What does the nose do?

A

it allows air to enter your body, then filters debris and warms and moistens the air

57
Q

What does the bronchi do?

A

carries air into the lungs

58
Q

What does the bronchioles do?

A

carries air to the alveoli

59
Q

What is the alveoli?

A

the little sacs at the end of the bronchioles

60
Q

What does the lungs do?

A

allows us to breathe

61
Q

What is the diaphragm?

A

a sheet of muscle that spreads across the bottom of the rib cage

62
Q

What is the pharynx?

A

a long tube located behind the nasal activity

63
Q

What is the larynx?

A

found just below the pharynx, your voices comes from the larynx

64
Q

What is the purpose of the circulatory system?

A

delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells and takes away waste

65
Q

What organs are involved in the circulatory system?

A

heart, veins, capillaries, arteries, blood

66
Q

What does the heart do?

A

pump blood around the body

67
Q

What are the veins?

A

elastic vessels that carry blood to the heart

68
Q

What are the capillaries?

A

vessels located within the tissues of the body that transport blood from the arteries to the vieins

69
Q

What are the arteries?

A

semi-elastic vessels that carry blood away from the heart

70
Q

What are the 4 chambers of the heart?

A

right ventricle, left ventricle, right atrium, left atrium

71
Q

What is pulmonary circulation?

A

the movement of blood between the heart and lungs

72
Q

What is systemic circulation?

A

the movement of blood between the heart and the rest of the body, excluding the lungs

73
Q

What is plasma?

A

the watery portion of the blood

74
Q

What are red blood cells (erythrucytes)?

A

using hemoglobin, these cells carry oxygen from the lungs throughout the entire body

75
Q

What are white blood cells (leukocytes)?

A

these cells aid the immune response, fighting off infections by engulfing and destroying foreign invaders

76
Q

What are platelets (thrombocytes)?

A

helps the blood clot

77
Q

What is intercellular fluid?

A

the fluid found between cells and tissues

78
Q

What is lymph?

A

a yellowish fluid that is found within the vessels of the lymphatic system

79
Q

What is the purpose of the urinary/renal system?

A

help the body to eliminate liquid waste called urea and keep chemicals such as potassium, sodium and water in balance

80
Q

What are the organs involved in the urinary/renal system?

A

kidneys, urethra, ureters, urinary bladder

81
Q

What are the kidneys?

A

the main organs of the urinary system

82
Q

What is the urethra?

A

urine leaves the body through this organ

83
Q

What do the ureters do?

A

brings urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

84
Q

What is the urinary bladder?

A

the organ that collects urine

Science 8 (4 decks)

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