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Science 8 > Unit B - Cells and Systems > Flashcards

Unit B - Cells and Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of living things?

A

Cells, energy, growth and development, respond to the environment, reproduction and adaption

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2
Q

What is a structure?

A

part of an organism that preforms sepcific tasks

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3
Q

What is a function?

A

purpose or task of a structure

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4
Q

What is excretion?

A

living things generate and expel waste

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5
Q

What is growth?

A

living things undergo life cycles, they start small and get larger as the cells that make them up divide

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6
Q

What is nutrition?

A

living things take in nutrients from their environment, which helps them grow

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7
Q

What does it mean to respond to stimulus?

A

living things adapt and react to their environment

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8
Q

What is reporduction?

A

living things produce other living things of the same species

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9
Q

What is respiration?

A

living things exchange gases with their environment

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10
Q

What is diffusion?

A

the movement of substances from an area of high concentration to and area of lower concentration

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11
Q

What is osmosis?

A

the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

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12
Q

Animal cells:

A

centriole, cell membrane, vacuole, cytoplasm, mitochondria, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, vesicle

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13
Q

What does the centriole do?

A

helps organize the movement of chromosomes during cell division

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14
Q

What does the cell membrane do?

A

surronds and protects the cell

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15
Q

What does the vacuole do?

A

it is a sac that stores water, nutrients or waste products

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16
Q

What is the cytoplasm?

A

it is a jelly-like substance within the cell membrane

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17
Q

What does the mitochondria do?

A

it converts the nutrients into energy

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18
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

it is a structure that contains DNA and regulates genes

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19
Q

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

passageways where chemicals are made

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20
Q

What is the golgi apparatus?

A

stack of membranes that package chemicals

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21
Q

What is the vesicle?

A

a package created by the golgi apparatus

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22
Q

Plant cells:

A

chloroplast, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, vacuole, plastid, mitochondria, cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm

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23
Q

What does the chloroplast do?

A

converts sunlight to chemical energy

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24
Q

What does the plastid do?

A

stores food or pigments

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25
What does the cell wall do?
it supports the plant and helps it maintain its shape
26
Bacterial cells:
capsule, cell wall, cell membrane, nucleoid, plasmid, flagellum, cytoskeleton, ribosome, pilus, cytoplasm
27
What is the capsule?
outermost layer of the cell that provides portection
28
What is the nucleoid?
a region inside the cell that contains genetic material but is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane
29
What is a plasmid?
a circular piece of genetic material
30
What is the flagellum?
a hair-like structure that the cell uses for movement
31
What is the ribosome?
small structures that synthesize proteins
32
What is the pilus?
the hair-like structure that attaches the cell to the surface and can transfer genetic material from one cell to another
33
What is the purpose of the excretory system?
to remove waste products from the body
34
What organs are involved in the excretory system?
kidney, liver and skin
35
What does the kidney do?
carries urea from the liver to the kidneys
36
What does the liver do?
converts the ammonia to less harmful substance called urea
37
What does the skin do?
removes excess salt from the body through sweating
38
What is the purpose of the digestive system?
breaks nutrients into small enough parts so the body can absorb them
39
What organs are involved in the digestive system?
esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, mouth, teeth, gall bladder, tongue, liver, salivary glands, epiglottis, pancreas, rectum
40
What is the esophagus?
a tube-like organ that connects the mouth and the stomach
41
What does the stomach do?
churns the food back and forth, mixing the food with gastric juices that chemically digest proteins into smaller pieces
42
What is the large intestine?
water, vitamins and minerals are absorbed here. Food parts that have not been digested turn into feces
43
What is the small intestine?
digestive juices from the pancreas along with other enzymes complete the breakdown od starches and proteins into very small particles, which are absorbed by villi
44
What does the mouth do?
takes in food
45
What do the teeth do?
mechanically digest the food by grinding it and mixing it with saliva
46
What does the gall bladder do?
stores bile and sends it to the small intestine
47
What does the tongue to?
pushes chewed bits to the back of the throat
48
What does the liver do?
produces bile, which breaks up large globules of lipids to smaller droplets
49
What does the slaivary glands do?
produce saliva and water containing an enzyme called amylase
50
What is the epiglottis?
flap of skin that moves through the windpipe, funneling food into the esophagus
51
What does the pancreas do?
sends digestive enzymes into the small intestine
52
What is the rectum?
feces exit the body through this organ
53
What is the purpose of the respiratory system?
to move fresh oxygen into your body while removing waste products
54
What organs are involved in the respiratory system?
trachea, nose, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, lungs, diaphragm, pharynx, larynx
55
What is the trachea?
a long tube that leads down to the lungs, then divides into the right and left bronchi
56
What does the nose do?
it allows air to enter your body, then filters debris and warms and moistens the air
57
What does the bronchi do?
carries air into the lungs
58
What does the bronchioles do?
carries air to the alveoli
59
What is the alveoli?
the little sacs at the end of the bronchioles
60
What does the lungs do?
allows us to breathe
61
What is the diaphragm?
a sheet of muscle that spreads across the bottom of the rib cage
62
What is the pharynx?
a long tube located behind the nasal activity
63
What is the larynx?
found just below the pharynx, your voices comes from the larynx
64
What is the purpose of the circulatory system?
delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells and takes away waste
65
What organs are involved in the circulatory system?
heart, veins, capillaries, arteries, blood
66
What does the heart do?
pump blood around the body
67
What are the veins?
elastic vessels that carry blood to the heart
68
What are the capillaries?
vessels located within the tissues of the body that transport blood from the arteries to the vieins
69
What are the arteries?
semi-elastic vessels that carry blood away from the heart
70
What are the 4 chambers of the heart?
right ventricle, left ventricle, right atrium, left atrium
71
What is pulmonary circulation?
the movement of blood between the heart and lungs
72
What is systemic circulation?
the movement of blood between the heart and the rest of the body, excluding the lungs
73
What is plasma?
the watery portion of the blood
74
What are red blood cells (erythrucytes)?
using hemoglobin, these cells carry oxygen from the lungs throughout the entire body
75
What are white blood cells (leukocytes)?
these cells aid the immune response, fighting off infections by engulfing and destroying foreign invaders
76
What are platelets (thrombocytes)?
helps the blood clot
77
What is intercellular fluid?
the fluid found between cells and tissues
78
What is lymph?
a yellowish fluid that is found within the vessels of the lymphatic system
79
What is the purpose of the urinary/renal system?
help the body to eliminate liquid waste called urea and keep chemicals such as potassium, sodium and water in balance
80
What are the organs involved in the urinary/renal system?
kidneys, urethra, ureters, urinary bladder
81
What are the kidneys?
the main organs of the urinary system
82
What is the urethra?
urine leaves the body through this organ
83
What do the ureters do?
brings urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
84
What is the urinary bladder?
the organ that collects urine

Science 8 (4 decks)

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