Unit A3: cardiovascular and respiratory system.

Question 1

What is the primary function of the circulatory system in the body?

Answer 1

To transport materials around the body.

Question 2

Give examples of what the human circulatory system transports around the body?

Answer 2

oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose, white blood cells, antibodies, hormones, waste chemicals and heat.

Question 3

what does double circulation mean?

Answer 3

for every 1 loop of the body the blood passes the heart twice.

Question 4

which side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood?

Answer 4

The left hand side deals with oxygenated blood and the right hand side deals with deoxygenated blood.

Question 5

what is the circuit called that links the heart to the lungs?

Answer 5

pulmonary circuit.

Question 6

what is the circuit called that links the heart to the body tissues?

Answer 6

systemic circuit.

Question 7

do arteries move blood away from the heart or towards the heart?

Answer 7

away from the heart.

Question 8

do veins move blood away from the heart or towards it?

Answer 8

towards the heart.

Question 9

BIG QUESTION:
explain the pulmonary circulation fully and then explain the systemic circulation.

Answer 9

The pulmonary circulation moves deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle, through the pulmonary artery, to capillary networks in the lungs where it is oxygenated and then goes through the pulmonary vein to the left atrium.

The systemic circulation circulates blood from the left ventricle through the aorta and arteries to the tissues of the body systems, where in the capillaries oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged, through the venules and the veins, back to the superior and inferior vena cava and into the right atrium.

Question 10

explain the transport of blood through the heart starting from the lungs?

Answer 10

blood moves from the pulmonary vein-left atrium-left ventricle-semi lunar valves-Aorta-body tissues-right atrium-right ventricle-semi lunar valves-pulmonery artery-backto lungs.

Question 11

what are the three types of blood vessels you need to know about?

Answer 11

arteries, veins and capillaries.

Question 12

what are the adaptations of arteries?

Answer 12

Thick muscular walls, small lumen. High blood pressure and has a pulse.

Question 13

what are the adaptations of capillaries?

Answer 13

links arterioles and venules, low pressure , no pulse and no valves.

Question 14

what are the adaptations of veins?

Answer 14

thin muscular walls, large lumen, low blood pressure and have valves to prevent backflow of blood.

Question 15

what are the blood vessels in order of size?

Answer 15

Heart-arteries-arterioles-capillaries-venules-veins.

Question 16

what side of the heart has thicker and therefore more muscular walls?

Answer 16

The left side because it requires more force and blood pressure to push the blood further around the body.

Question 17

what is the purpose of heart valves?

Answer 17

prevent the backflow of blood.

Question 18

which arteries supply blood to the heart muscle allowing it to contract?

Answer 18

coronary vessels and if these are blocked it stops contractions of the heart therefore causing a heart attack.

Question 19

what is the technical term for cells dying causing a heart attack?

Answer 19

myocardial infarction.

Question 20

explain the blood composition of plasma?

Answer 20

Liquid in blood. 90% water and contains other substances such as nutrients, amino acids, plasma proteins and waste materials and it is the least dense layer.

Question 21

explain the blood composition of red blood cells (Erythrocytes)?

Answer 21

transport oxygen around body through aerobic respiration. They have a biconcave disk shape which gives a large surface area for increased o2. no nucleus meaning more o2 and it contains haemoglobin which binds with oxygen causing a faster diffusion rate.