unit 9 test

Question 1

solution

Answer 1

a homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances in a single phases

Question 2

solute

Answer 2

part of a solution that is being dissolved

Question 3

solvent

Answer 3

part of a solution that dissolves the solute

Question 4

saturated solution

Answer 4

contains maximum quantity of solute that dissolves at the temperature

Question 5

unsaturated solution

Answer 5

contains less than the maximum quantity of solute that dissolves

Question 6

supersaturated solution

Answer 6

contains more solute than possible to be dissolved (unstable)

Question 7

how to know ions in an aqueous solution

Answer 7

conducts electricity
dissolved ionic compounds are electrolytes (covalent compounds are not)

Question 8

electrolytes

Answer 8

conduct electricity

Question 9

nonelectrolytes

Answer 9

do not conduct electricity

Question 10

solvation

Answer 10

the process of dissolving a solute into a solvent to form a solution

Question 11

cohesion

Answer 11

substance that sticks to itself

Question 12

adhesion

Answer 12

substance that sticks to other

Question 13

concentraton

Answer 13

the amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent or solution

Question 14

colligative properties changed based on amount of solution…

Answer 14

vapor pressure (decreases)
melting/freezing point (decreases)
boiling point (increases)
osmosis is possible

depends on number of solute in solvent, not what kind of solute

Question 15

how to find molarity

Answer 15

moles of solute divided by liters of solution

Question 16

how to find percent by mass

Answer 16

grams of solute divided by grams of solution times 100

Question 17

dilution equation

Answer 17

m1v1 = m2v2

(amount of water added = v2-v1)

Question 18

solubility

Answer 18

the maximum amount of solute that dissolves in a specific amount of solvent
(depends on temperature)

Question 19

solid/liquids for solubility

Answer 19

the higher the temperature, the higher the solubility

Question 20

gases for solubility

Answer 20

the higher the temperature, the lower the solubility

Question 21

solubility curve

Answer 21

shows the dependence of solubility on temperature

Question 22

saturated solution in curve

Answer 22

represented through lines

Question 23

solute below the line

Answer 23

represents an unsaturated solution

Question 24

solute above the line

Answer 24

represents a supersaturated solution

Question 25

henry's law

Answer 25

the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly related to the pressure of that gas above the liquid (higher pressures, more gas molecules dissolve in liquid)

Question 26

dilution

Answer 26

process of preparing a less concentrated solution from a more concentrated one (moles of solute stay the same from before and after)

Question 27

acid

Answer 27

solution that has an excess of H+ ions sharp, sour latin word more H+ ions = more acidic

Question 28

acid properties

Answer 28

sour, conducts electricity, corrosive, turns blue litmus paper red, reacts strong with metals and makes H2 gas

Question 29

acid uses

Answer 29

acetic acid (vinegar), citric acid (citrus fruit)

Question 30

pH scale

Answer 30

a measure of how acidic a solution is the power of hydrogen

Question 31

a change of 1 pH unit =

Answer 31

x10 change (exponential)

Question 32

acid arrhenius

Answer 32

completely dissociate, leaving behind a proton which bonds to water molcule produces H3O+

Question 33

acid bronsted lowry

Answer 33

a proton (H) donor a hydrogen atom that gives away their electron

Question 34

base

Answer 34

solution that has excess of OH- ions alkali accept hydrogen ions

Question 35

base properties

Answer 35

slippery, bitter, corrosive, conducts electricity, don't react with metals, turn litmus paper blue

Question 36

base uses

Answer 36

soaps, cleaning products, blood, ammonia

Question 37

base arrhenius

Answer 37

produces OH- ions, completely dissociates

Question 38

base bronsted lowry

Answer 38

proton acceptor accepts hydrogen from other substance

Question 39

lewis acid

Answer 39

electron pair acceptor

Question 40

lewis base

Answer 40

electron pair donor

Question 41

acids become _____ when accepting electrons

Answer 41

become bases

Question 42

acids usually when mixed with H2O produce

Answer 42

H+ or H3O+

Question 43

bases usually when mixed with H2O produce

Answer 43

OH-

Question 44

dissociation

Answer 44

breaking the solute apart into dissolved ions

Question 45

gases are affected by pressure by

Answer 45

higher pressure = better solubility

Question 46

-ite

Answer 46

-ous acid

Question 47

-ide

Answer 47

hydro____ic acid

Question 48

-ate

Answer 48

-ic acid

Question 49

solubility

Answer 49

how much solute CAN dissolve in a certain amount of solvent

Question 50

concentration

Answer 50

how much solute IS dissolved in a certain amount of solvent

Question 51

lewis base usually have

Answer 51

lone pair (so they donate to acid)

Question 52

lewis acid usually have

Answer 52

none shown (no electrons to donate, so they accept)

Question 53

bases usually have

Answer 53

OH, a negative charge in the ion

Question 54

acids usually have

Answer 54

an H or positive charge in ion