Unit 9 - Restrictive Lung Diseases Flashcards
What are some general characteristics of restrictive lung disorders
Lung expansion is restricted
Deep inspiration is affected
Decreased lung volume
What are some extrapulmonary conditions that can effect lung expansion
Chest wall surgery NM disorders Pectus carinatum and excavatum Scoliosis Ankylosing spondylitis Diaphragmatic paralysis Obesity
Describe tidal volume
Amount of air inhaled and exhaled in a normal resting breath
Describe Inspiratory reserve
Max amount of air that can be inhaled above tidal volume
Describe expiratory reserve
Max amount of air that can be exhaled below tidal volume
Describe residual volume
Amount of air remaining below expiratory reserve
Describe total lung capacity
Combination of all 4 lung volumes
Describe inspiratory capacity
Combination of tidal and inspiratory reserve
Describe functional residual capacity
Combination of expiratory reserve and residual volume
Describe vital capacity
Combination of inspiratory reserve, tidal volume and expiratory reserve volume
Describe FVC
Amount of air with max breath in and out
Describe FEV1
Volume of air exhaled in 1 second
What is the normal range for FEV1 / FVC
75% - 85%
Describe the pathology of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
Chronic inflammation injures normal lung tissue
Tissue is replaced with fibrous tissue which impairs lung function
What are some symptoms of Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
Fatigue
Dyspnea on exertion
Tachypnea
Cough
What are some management strategies for Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
Oxygen
Steroids
Breathing techniques
Mobilization
Describe atelectasis pathology
Segments of lungs have collapsed due to obstruction or restrictive conditions
What are some interventions for atelectasis
Mobilization
Incentive spirometer
Splinted coughing
Breathing techniques
Describe the pathology of pneumonia
Acute inflammation caused by, bacteria or inspired substances
Inflammation causes alveolar stiffening
What are some SS of pneumonia
Dyspnea Cough Pleuritic chest pain Fever Hypoxemia
What are some treatments for pneumonia
Antibiotics / oxygen
incentive spirometry
Early mobilization
Airway clearance and breathing techniques
Describe the pathology of pneumothorax
Accumulation of gas in the pleural space causing lung collapse on affected side
What are the types of pneumothorax
Primary - idiopathic in young, tall, thin men
Secondary - COPD, blebs, bullae
Traumatic
Tension - emergent, progressive lung collapse
What are some SS for pneumothorax
Acute pleuritic chest pain Absent or diminished breath sounds Hyperresonant mediate percussion Decreased tactile fremitus Tracheal deviation
What are some treatment strategies for pneumothorax
Oxygen
Chest tube drainage
Incentive spirometry
Describe pulmonary edema pathology
pulmonary fluid build up caused by PCW pressure >20-25 mmHG
what are some SS of Pulmonary edema
Anxiety
Severe dyspnea
Tachypnea
Crackles
what are some treatment strategies for Pulmonary edema
Diuretics
Oxygen
Upright positioning
Describe the pathology of pulmonary embolism
Thrombus lodges itself in pulmonary artery
Decreased pulmonary blood flow
I:ncreased pulmonary vasculature resistance
Death may occur rapidly
What are some SS of pulmonary embolism
Rapid onset of dyspnea
pleuritic chest pain
What are some treatment strategies for pulmonary embolism
Prevention of DVT’s
Anticoagulation drugs
Thrombolytic drugs
Surgery
Describe the pathology of acute respiratory distress syndrome
rapid onset of respiratory failure caused by:
PaO2 < 60mmHG
PaCO2 > 55 mmHG
Usually found in critically ill persons
What are some treatment strategies for acute respiratory distress syndrome
ICU monitoring Mechanical ventilation Steroid anti-inflammatories Catecholamines to increase heart function Mobilization
