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TRI 4 - CP > Unit 9 - Restrictive Lung Diseases > Flashcards

Unit 9 - Restrictive Lung Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What are some general characteristics of restrictive lung disorders

A

Lung expansion is restricted
Deep inspiration is affected
Decreased lung volume

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2
Q

What are some extrapulmonary conditions that can effect lung expansion

A 
Chest wall surgery
NM disorders
Pectus carinatum and excavatum
Scoliosis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Diaphragmatic paralysis 
Obesity
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3
Q

Describe tidal volume

A

Amount of air inhaled and exhaled in a normal resting breath

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4
Q

Describe Inspiratory reserve

A

Max amount of air that can be inhaled above tidal volume

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5
Q

Describe expiratory reserve

A

Max amount of air that can be exhaled below tidal volume

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6
Q

Describe residual volume

A

Amount of air remaining below expiratory reserve

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7
Q

Describe total lung capacity

A

Combination of all 4 lung volumes

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8
Q

Describe inspiratory capacity

A

Combination of tidal and inspiratory reserve

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9
Q

Describe functional residual capacity

A

Combination of expiratory reserve and residual volume

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10
Q

Describe vital capacity

A

Combination of inspiratory reserve, tidal volume and expiratory reserve volume

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11
Q

Describe FVC

A

Amount of air with max breath in and out

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12
Q

Describe FEV1

A

Volume of air exhaled in 1 second

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13
Q

What is the normal range for FEV1 / FVC

A

75% - 85%

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14
Q

Describe the pathology of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

A

Chronic inflammation injures normal lung tissue

Tissue is replaced with fibrous tissue which impairs lung function

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15
Q

What are some symptoms of Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

A

Fatigue
Dyspnea on exertion
Tachypnea
Cough

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16
Q

What are some management strategies for Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

A

Oxygen
Steroids
Breathing techniques
Mobilization

17
Q

Describe atelectasis pathology

A

Segments of lungs have collapsed due to obstruction or restrictive conditions

18
Q

What are some interventions for atelectasis

A

Mobilization
Incentive spirometer
Splinted coughing
Breathing techniques

19
Q

Describe the pathology of pneumonia

A

Acute inflammation caused by, bacteria or inspired substances
Inflammation causes alveolar stiffening

20
Q

What are some SS of pneumonia

A 
Dyspnea
Cough
Pleuritic chest pain
Fever
Hypoxemia
21
Q

What are some treatments for pneumonia

A

Antibiotics / oxygen
incentive spirometry
Early mobilization
Airway clearance and breathing techniques

22
Q

Describe the pathology of pneumothorax

A

Accumulation of gas in the pleural space causing lung collapse on affected side

23
Q

What are the types of pneumothorax

A

Primary - idiopathic in young, tall, thin men
Secondary - COPD, blebs, bullae
Traumatic
Tension - emergent, progressive lung collapse

24
Q

What are some SS for pneumothorax

A 
Acute pleuritic chest pain
Absent or diminished breath sounds
Hyperresonant mediate percussion
Decreased tactile fremitus
Tracheal deviation
25
Q

What are some treatment strategies for pneumothorax

A

Oxygen
Chest tube drainage
Incentive spirometry

26
Q

Describe pulmonary edema pathology

A

pulmonary fluid build up caused by PCW pressure >20-25 mmHG

27
Q

what are some SS of Pulmonary edema

A

Anxiety
Severe dyspnea
Tachypnea
Crackles

28
Q

what are some treatment strategies for Pulmonary edema

A

Diuretics
Oxygen
Upright positioning

29
Q

Describe the pathology of pulmonary embolism

A

Thrombus lodges itself in pulmonary artery
Decreased pulmonary blood flow
I:ncreased pulmonary vasculature resistance
Death may occur rapidly

30
Q

What are some SS of pulmonary embolism

A

Rapid onset of dyspnea

pleuritic chest pain

31
Q

What are some treatment strategies for pulmonary embolism

A

Prevention of DVT’s
Anticoagulation drugs
Thrombolytic drugs
Surgery

32
Q

Describe the pathology of acute respiratory distress syndrome

A

rapid onset of respiratory failure caused by:
PaO2 < 60mmHG
PaCO2 > 55 mmHG
Usually found in critically ill persons

33
Q

What are some treatment strategies for acute respiratory distress syndrome

A 
ICU monitoring
Mechanical ventilation
Steroid anti-inflammatories
Catecholamines to increase heart function
Mobilization

TRI 4 - CP (4 decks)

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