Unit 9 - Restrictive Lung Diseases

Question 1

What are some general characteristics of restrictive lung disorders

Answer 1

Lung expansion is restricted
Deep inspiration is affected
Decreased lung volume

Question 2

What are some extrapulmonary conditions that can effect lung expansion

Answer 2

Chest wall surgery
NM disorders
Pectus carinatum and excavatum
Scoliosis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Diaphragmatic paralysis 
Obesity

Question 3

Describe tidal volume

Answer 3

Amount of air inhaled and exhaled in a normal resting breath

Question 4

Describe Inspiratory reserve

Answer 4

Max amount of air that can be inhaled above tidal volume

Question 5

Describe expiratory reserve

Answer 5

Max amount of air that can be exhaled below tidal volume

Question 6

Describe residual volume

Answer 6

Amount of air remaining below expiratory reserve

Question 7

Describe total lung capacity

Answer 7

Combination of all 4 lung volumes

Question 8

Describe inspiratory capacity

Answer 8

Combination of tidal and inspiratory reserve

Question 9

Describe functional residual capacity

Answer 9

Combination of expiratory reserve and residual volume

Question 10

Describe vital capacity

Answer 10

Combination of inspiratory reserve, tidal volume and expiratory reserve volume

Question 11

Describe FVC

Answer 11

Amount of air with max breath in and out

Question 12

Describe FEV1

Answer 12

Volume of air exhaled in 1 second

Question 13

What is the normal range for FEV1 / FVC

Answer 13

75% - 85%

Question 14

Describe the pathology of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 14

Chronic inflammation injures normal lung tissue

Tissue is replaced with fibrous tissue which impairs lung function

Question 15

What are some symptoms of Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 15

Fatigue
Dyspnea on exertion
Tachypnea
Cough

Question 16

What are some management strategies for Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 16

Oxygen
Steroids
Breathing techniques
Mobilization

Question 17

Describe atelectasis pathology

Answer 17

Segments of lungs have collapsed due to obstruction or restrictive conditions

Question 18

What are some interventions for atelectasis

Answer 18

Mobilization
Incentive spirometer
Splinted coughing
Breathing techniques

Question 19

Describe the pathology of pneumonia

Answer 19

Acute inflammation caused by, bacteria or inspired substances
Inflammation causes alveolar stiffening

Question 20

What are some SS of pneumonia

Answer 20

Dyspnea
Cough
Pleuritic chest pain
Fever
Hypoxemia

Question 21

What are some treatments for pneumonia

Answer 21

Antibiotics / oxygen
incentive spirometry
Early mobilization
Airway clearance and breathing techniques

Question 22

Describe the pathology of pneumothorax

Answer 22

Accumulation of gas in the pleural space causing lung collapse on affected side

Question 23

What are the types of pneumothorax

Answer 23

Primary - idiopathic in young, tall, thin men
Secondary - COPD, blebs, bullae
Traumatic
Tension - emergent, progressive lung collapse

Question 24

What are some SS for pneumothorax

Answer 24

Acute pleuritic chest pain
Absent or diminished breath sounds
Hyperresonant mediate percussion
Decreased tactile fremitus
Tracheal deviation

Question 25

What are some treatment strategies for pneumothorax

Answer 25

Oxygen Chest tube drainage Incentive spirometry

Question 26

Describe pulmonary edema pathology

Answer 26

pulmonary fluid build up caused by PCW pressure >20-25 mmHG

Question 27

what are some SS of Pulmonary edema

Answer 27

Anxiety Severe dyspnea Tachypnea Crackles

Question 28

what are some treatment strategies for Pulmonary edema

Answer 28

Diuretics Oxygen Upright positioning

Question 29

Describe the pathology of pulmonary embolism

Answer 29

Thrombus lodges itself in pulmonary artery Decreased pulmonary blood flow I:ncreased pulmonary vasculature resistance Death may occur rapidly

Question 30

What are some SS of pulmonary embolism

Answer 30

Rapid onset of dyspnea | pleuritic chest pain

Question 31

What are some treatment strategies for pulmonary embolism

Answer 31

Prevention of DVT's Anticoagulation drugs Thrombolytic drugs Surgery

Question 32

Describe the pathology of acute respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 32

rapid onset of respiratory failure caused by: PaO2 < 60mmHG PaCO2 > 55 mmHG Usually found in critically ill persons

Question 33

What are some treatment strategies for acute respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 33

``` ICU monitoring Mechanical ventilation Steroid anti-inflammatories Catecholamines to increase heart function Mobilization ```