unit 9 practice test Flashcards
reducing the amount of energy used
Energy conservation
energy that is stored in the bonds between different atoms and molecules
chemical energy
energy that is produced from the flow of electrons
electrical energy
electricity generated through the movement of tidal water
Tidal power
a structure where electricity is made through controlled nuclear fission chain reactions
Nuclear reactor
a measure of how much energy that is put into a system
Energy efficiency
the point at which the global rate of oil production will be at its maximum and then decline
Peak oil
kinetic and potential energy in use
Mechanical energy
wood, plant materials, or animal feces that are burned directly
Solid biomass
a process that uses different methods to collect and concentrate solar energy to boil water and produce steam to generate electricity in power plants
Solar thermal system
a place within the earth’s crust that has concentrated areas of heat
Hydrothermal reservoir
What us hydroelectricity net energy ratio
20-40
an ice-like solid that contains both methane and water
Methane hydrate
___ is a biofuel that could replace gasoline in cars and is often made from corn in the United States.
Ethanol
a system that uses temperature differences between the ground and the air to heat or cool houses
Geothermal heat pump
energy that is part of electromagnetic radiation
Light energy
the radioactive material that is left over from the process of generating electricity
Nuclear waste
ancient plant life in a rock form that is easily burned
Coal
___ is available in many areas and has no net increase in carbon dioxide emissions if forests are replanted.
Solid Biomass
What is nuclear powers net energy ratio
8-16
an energy source that is formed from ancient dead organisms
Fossil fuel
what us coals net energy ratio
11-33
plant materials or solid wastes that have been converted to a gaseous or liquid form
Biofuel
the process of using building design to collect, store, and distribute sunlight in a building naturally
Passive solar heating
_____ power is the fastest-growing type of renewable energy that can be used to generate electricity for a power plant or for individual homes.
Solar
a device that directly converts solar energy into electricity
Photovoltaic cell
the burning of something
combustion
_____ is inexpensive, abundant in the United States, does not require a high level of processing, has a net energy ratio of 33, and emits the most pollutants and greenhouse gases of all energy sources.
Coal
a mixture of rock and hydrocarbons that can be burned directly
oil shale
_____ coal has the highest net energy value of all coal.
Anthracite
energy found within an atom
Nuclear energy
_____ is abundant and can be made into many products, and many countries depend on foreign imports for supply.
oil
a device that moves a magnet near copper metal wires in order for electrons to flow freely
Generator
____ power is reliable, but there are not many places in the world that are suitable for generating this type of power.
Tidal
the total kinetic energy of all the vibrating atoms and molecules in an object
Thermal energy
electricity that is generated through converting heat energy from the ocean
Ocean thermal energy
the process of using technology to collect, store, and distribute sunlight in a building
Active solar heating
____ is a renewable, inexpensive, reliable source of electricity that has little to no carbon dioxide emissions, but it may cause geological damage, methane emissions, and habitat loss.
Hydroelectricity
energy in motion
kinetic energy
a fossil fuel that is a mixture of methane and other gases
Natural gas
___ can produce methane emissions.
Hydroelectric power
_____ is abundant in the United States and burns cleaner than other fossil fuels.
Natural gas
an extraction method for hard-to-reach reservoirs of natural gas or petroleum
Fracking
a reaction where an atom’s nucleus is split apart to form smaller nuclei
Nuclear fission
a reaction where two atoms join together to make a new atom
Nuclear fussion
a machine that has a rotor and blade
Turbine
______ is a very clean fuel that could replace gasoline but at present has a negative net energy.
Hydrogen
If you live in a place that gets its electricity from a coal plant, it is better to drive a(n) ____ car.
Hybrid
___ electricity is very efficient at accessible sites but expensive at nonaccessible sites and can lead to groundwater depletion.
Geothermal
electricity generated through moving water
Hydroelectricity
a device that uses hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity
Fuel cell
a chemical compound extracted from oil to make products
Petrochemical
_____ power is a relatively safe, reliable way to generate electricity, but it produces hazardous waste and has low net energy.
Nuclear
sand and clay particles that contain bitumen
oil sand
Nuclear power plants use controlled nuclear chain reactions to generate electricity. In these reactions, which atomic particle is used to break apart the atom?
neutron
What is wind powers net energy ratio
20-25
_____ energy has moderate to high net energy and can be used on existing farmlands, but it can be dangerous to birds and is not always reliable.
Wind
heat stored in soil, underground rocks, and the fluid in the earth’s mantle
Geothermal energy
____ is still in the experimental stage.
Ocean thermal energy
the amount of energy a source provides after the energy used to extract, process, and transport the source has been subtracted
Net energy
force applied to an object
work
the ability to do work
energy
a liquid, dark fossil fuel made mostly of hydrocarbons
Petroleum
stored energy
Potential energy
plant materials or animal wastes that can be burned for energy
Biomass energy
