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Histology > Unit 9 - Head and Neck Structures > Flashcards

Unit 9 - Head and Neck Structures Flashcards

1
Q

Type of gland that makes substances such as sweat, tears, saliva, milk and releases them onto the surface of the body

A

Exocrine gland

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2
Q

Type of gland that releases hormones directly into the body

A

Endocrine gland

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3
Q

Biological anatomy that divdes between two cavities

A

Septum

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4
Q

The inside space of a tubular structure, such as an artery or intestine

A

Lumen

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5
Q

Dry mouth

A

Xerostomia

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6
Q

A general term for a sore, inflammed mouth

A

Stomatitis

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7
Q

What kind of tissue does a salivary gland consist of?

A

Epithelial and connective

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8
Q

The flow rate of saliva is approximaly how much per minute?

A

1 mL/minute

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9
Q

The flow rate of saliva is approximately how much per day?

A

640 mL/day

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10
Q

What are the functions of saliva?

A
  • Lubricates keeping tissues moist
  • Cleanses away food particles
  • Buffers away acids
  • Aids in digestion
  • Aids in remineralization of enamel
  • Defends against disease
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11
Q

Are any salivary glands purely serous?

A

No

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12
Q

Major salivary glands empty saliva into the oral cavity via ____ ducts

A

Named

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13
Q

Minor salivary glands empty saliva into the oral cavity via ____ ducts

A

Unnamed

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14
Q

Secretion high in protein and low in carbohydrates that aid in digestion

A

Serous

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15
Q

Secretion low in protein and high in carbohydrates

A

Mucous

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16
Q

Sectretion containing mucoserous deilunes secreting a combination of mucous and serous saliva

A

Mucoserous

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17
Q

What type of salivary glands supplies 85-90% of the anterior region?

A

Major salivary glands

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18
Q

What percentage of saliva does the submandibular gland produce?

A

60-65%

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19
Q

What duct goes with the submandibular gland?

A

Wharton’s duct

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20
Q

What type of saliva does the submandibular gland produce?

A

Mixed

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21
Q

What gland produces 25% of saliva?

A

Parotid

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22
Q

What type of saliva does the parotid gland produce?

A

Mostly serous

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23
Q

What duct goes with the parotid gland?

A

Stenson’s duct

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24
Q

What gland produces 10% of saliva?

A

Sublingual

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25
Q

What type of saliva does the sublingual gland produce?

A

Mostly mucous

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26
Q

What duct goes with the sublingual gland?

A

Bartholin’s duct

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27
Q

Which salivary duct secretes the enzyme amylase which aids in digestion?

A

Parotid

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28
Q

What are the seven minor salivary glands?

A

Buccal
Labial
Palatine
Glossopalatine
Lingual
Mid Tongue
Posterior Tongue

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29
Q

What type of saliva does the buccal salivary gland produce?

A

Mixed

30
Q

What type of saliva does the labial salivary gland produce?

A

Mixed

31
Q

What type of saliva does the palatine salivary gland produce?

A

Mucous

32
Q

What type of saliva does the glossopalatine salivary gland produce?

A

Mucous

33
Q

What type of saliva does the lingual salivary gland produce?

A

Mixed

34
Q

What type of saliva does the mid tongue salivary gland produce?

A

Serous

35
Q

What type of saliva does the posterior tongue salivary gland produce?

A

Mucous

36
Q

Glands found in a trough circling the circumvallate papillae on the doral surface of the tongue. The secrete a purely serous fluid. They also facilitate the perception of taste through sectrion of digestive enzymes and proteins.

A

Von Ebner’s Gland

37
Q

What houses and supports blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics

A

Connective tissue

38
Q

A terminal secretory end-piece

A

Acinus

39
Q

Acinus are described as _______ ends

A

Grapelike

40
Q

Acinus contains protein producing _______

A

Epithelial cells

41
Q

What determines whether acinus are tubular or spherical shaped?

A

The type of saliva that is prodominately being produced in that gland

42
Q

The three classes of ducts in the ductal sytem

A

Intercalated ducts
Striated ducts
Terminal excretory ducts

43
Q

What do the indercalculated ducts do?

A

Collects secretions from the terminal secretory end and empties into striated ducts

44
Q

What ducts are connected to the intercalculated ducts in the lobules?

A

Striated ducts

45
Q

What are the terminal excretory ducts lined with?

A

Pseudo-stratified epithelium nearest the striated duct then becomes true stratified epithelium at the duct orifice

46
Q

Function of the terminal excretory duct

A

Modifies the final saliva by altering the electrolyte concentration

47
Q

Location of myoepithelial cells

A

Found at the terminal secretory ends and the intercalculated ducts between basement membrane and secretory cells

48
Q

Structure of myoepithelial cells

A

Look like an octopus with 4-8 processes encompassing the end-pieces

49
Q

Function of the myoepithelial cells

A

Contract squeezing the acini and intercalated ducts, causing saliva to move

Supports secretory cells by preventing them from over-distension

Contracts acini to aid in rupture of mucous packed cells

50
Q

What weeks during prenatal development do salivary glands begin developing?

A

Between 6-8 weeks

51
Q

How do salivary glands develop?

A

Begin as epithelial buds which proliferate and grow into the underlying mesenchyme where the acini and ductal system develops

52
Q

Salivary glands are supported by connective tissue which creates

A

A capsule

53
Q

Clinical considerations of salivary glands

A

Xerostomia
Mucocele
Ranula
Nicotine Stomatitis

54
Q

What would xerostomia affecting the savliary glands look like?

A

Inflammation of the oral mucosa, including lips and tongue, cervical caries may result

55
Q

What would you be looking for with mucocele?

A

These are the associated minor salivary glands with mixed secretions. Glands are not visible but when blocked become a raised fluid-filled area

56
Q

What would you be looking for with ranula?

A

These are associated with major salivary glands and when blocke become a raised fluid-filled area

57
Q

What is nicotine stomatitis?

A

Irriatation from smoking can cause the gland openings to be visible due to inflammation

58
Q

The thyroid gland is developing during what week of the embryonic period?

A

3 weeks

59
Q

The thyroid gland is developed from the median-down growth of

A

The tongue

60
Q

The thyroid gland is developed from the median down growth of the tongue which is then connected by a

A

Thyroglossal duct and migrates to the neck region

61
Q

Clinical significance of the thyroid gland

A

May become enlarged when malfunctioning

EO exam may alert of required medical attention

Remnants of the thyroid tissue can remain at any of the original sites of development, and may become systic

62
Q

Non-encapsulated masses of lymph tissue, located in the lamina propria, covered by stratified squamous epithelium

A

Tonsillar tissue

63
Q

Tonsillar tissue contains lympocytes and function to

A

Remove toxins

64
Q

Lmyph nodes is composed of

A

Organized lymph tissue and contains lympocytes that actively filter toxic products from the lymph

65
Q

The lymph node itself is surround by

A

Capsule and bands of connective tissue, the trabeculae, extend from the capsule into the node.

66
Q

Largest tonsillar tissue

A

Palatine tonsils

67
Q

Palatine tonsils are located

A

Between anterior and posterior pillars

68
Q

Lingual tonsils are located

A

behind uvula in the posterior and superior portion of the nasopharynx

69
Q

How large can lingual tonsils grow?

A

To the extent that they surround the opening of the auditory tube which can lead to infections of the eustachian tube

70
Q

Pharyngeal, palatine, and lingual tonsils form an incomplete ring around inner pharynx called the

A

Waldever tonsillar ring

71
Q

Paired air-filled cavities in bone that include the frontal, spehnoidal, ethmoidal, and maxillary

A

Paranasal sinuses

72
Q

The paranasal sinuses are lined with

A

Respiratory mucosa consisting of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium continuous with the epithelial lining of the nasal cavity

Histology (4 decks)

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