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AP Psychology > Unit 9: Developmental Psychology > Flashcards

Unit 9: Developmental Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 major issues examined by developmental psych?

A

Nature v. Nurture
Continuity v. Stages
Stability v. Change

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2
Q

Difference between nature/nurture

A

Nature= inheritance
Nurture= Experiences
“Nurture works on what nature provides”

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3
Q

What kind of development did Piaget study?

A

Cognitive development

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4
Q

What kind of development did Lawrence Kohlberg study?

A

Moral development

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5
Q

What kind of development did Erik Erikson study?

A

Psychosocial development

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6
Q

What is conception? How does it occur?

A

The process by which humans reproduce.

  1. Woman’s ovary releases a mature egg
  2. Men’s sperm merges w/ egg
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7
Q

Define zygote

A

A fertilized egg that enters a 2 week period of rapid cell division + develops into an embryo.
Less than 50% survive past 2 wks

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8
Q

What are the stages that follow a zygote in the prenatal stages of development?

A
  • 10 days after conception, zygote attaches to mother’s uterine wall.
  • Zygote inner cells become an embryo
  • Zygote outer cells become placenta
  • Within 6 wks the organs begin to form + function
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9
Q

What is FAS and its effects?

A

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Caused by pregnant woman drinking alcohol
Results in physical/cognitive abnormalities in children

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10
Q

What is the rooting reflex?

A

When something touches babies cheeks, they turn toward that, open their mouth and vigorously root for a nipple.

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11
Q

What did psych. find about babies face preferences?

A

They rather stare at images that resemble a face than random things.

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12
Q

What did psych. find about babies face preferences?

A

They rather stare at images that resemble a face than random things.

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13
Q

What does smell have to do w/ others and their infants?

A

Days after birth our brain’s neural networks are stamped w/ smell of mothers body. Babies begin to prefer mother’s smell.

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14
Q

What is the use it or lose it pruning process?

A

If you don’t actively use info, unused links are shut down while others are strengthen bc they are used.

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15
Q

What is the back-2-sleep position and its affect on crawling/walking?

A

Babies that sleep on backs reduce risk of crib death by suffocation.
Makes babies crawl later than usual
No effect on walking

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16
Q

What is infantile amnesia and @ what age are you likely 2 remember things?

A

The inability to accurately recall things before 3 yrs old.

17
Q

What parts of the brain are responsible for infantile amnesia?

A

Hippocampus and frontal lobes, they become mature enough to remember @ 3.5 years old

18
Q

What are Piaget’s core ideas?

A

Children reason diff. than adults

Our driving force behind our intellectual progression is a never ending struggle 2 make sense of our experiences.

19
Q

Define schemas

A

Concepts/ mental molds where we pour our experiences into.

20
Q

Define assimilate

A

Interpret new experiences in terms of current understandings (schemas)

21
Q

Define accommodate

A

Adjusting/ adapting current understandings 2 include new info.

22
Q

How many stages of cognitive development are there according to Piaget?

A 
4
Sensorimotor 
Preoperational 
Concrete Operational
Formal Operational
23
Q

Describe the sensorimotor stage

A
  • Birth-2 yrs

- Babies take in world through senses/actions (looking hearing, etc)

24
Q

Describe the preoperational stage

A
  • 2yrs- 6/7 yrs

- Children learn 2 use language but do not yet understand mental operations of concrete logic.

25
Q

Describe the preoperational stage

A
  • 2yrs- 6/7 yrs

- Children learn 2 use language but do not yet understand mental operations of concrete logic.

26
Q

Describe the concrete operational stage

A
  • 6/7 yrs- 11yrs

- Given physical material, children obtain mental operations that enable them 2 think logically

27
Q

Describe the formal operational stage

A
  • 12yrs +
  • Stage of cognitive development
  • Ppl begin to think logically about abstract concepts such as imagined realities/symbols
28
Q

What developmental phenomena goes on in the sensorimotor stage?

A
  • Object permanence

- Stranger anxiety

29
Q

Define object permanence

A

Awareness that objects persist even if out of sight

30
Q

What developmental phenomena goes on in the preoperational stage?

A
  • Pretend play

- Egocentrism

31
Q

What developmental phenomena goes on in the concrete operational stage?

A

-Mathematical transformations

32
Q

What developmental phenomena goes on in the formal operational stage?

A
  • Abstract logic

- Potential 4 mature moral reasoning

AP Psychology (13 decks)

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