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Psychology AP > Unit 9 - Developmental Psychology > Flashcards

Unit 9 - Developmental Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span

A

Developmental Psychology

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2
Q

The fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo

A

Zygote

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3
Q

The developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month

A

Embryo

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4
Q

The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth

A

Fetus

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5
Q

(Literally, “monster maker”) agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm

A

Teratogens

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6
Q

Physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman’s heavy drinking. In severe cases, signs include small, out-of-proportion head and abnormal facial features.

A

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

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7
Q

Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner.

A

Habituation

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8
Q

Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience.

A

Maturation

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9
Q

All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.

A

Cognition

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10
Q

A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information

A

Schema

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11
Q

Interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas

A

Assimilation

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12
Q

Adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information

A

Accommodation

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13
Q

In Piaget’s theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities

A

Sensorimotor Stage

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14
Q

The awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived

A

Object permanence

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15
Q

In Piaget’s theory, the stage (from about 2 to about 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic

A

Preoperational stage

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16
Q

The principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects

A

Conservation

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17
Q

In Piaget’s theory, the preoperational child’s difficulty taking another’s point of view

A

Egocentrism

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18
Q

People’s ideas about their own and other’s mental states—about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict

A

Theory of Mind

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19
Q

A disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by significant deficiencies in communication and social interaction, and by rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors.

A

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

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20
Q

In Piaget’s theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events

A

Concrete operational stage

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21
Q

In Piaget’s theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people behind to think logically about abstract concepts

A

Formal operational stage

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22
Q

The fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age

A

Stranger anxiety

23
Q

An emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation

A

Attachment

24
Q

An optimal period early in the life of an organism when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces normal development

A

Critical period

25
Q

The process by which certain animals form strong attachments during an early-life critical period

A

Imprinting

26
Q

A person’s characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity

A

Temperament

27
Q

A sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers

A

Basic trust

28
Q

All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, “Who am I?”

A

Self-concept

29
Q

The socially constructed roles and characteristics by which a culture defines male and female

A

Gender

30
Q

Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy

A

Aggression

31
Q

A set of expected behaviors for males or for females

A

Gender role

32
Q

A set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave

A

Role

33
Q

Our sense of being male or female

A

Gender identity

34
Q

The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished

A

Social learning theory

35
Q

The acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role

A

Gender typing

36
Q

An umbrella term describing people whose gender identity or expression differs from that associated with their birth sex

A

Transgender

37
Q

The transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence.

A

Adolescence

38
Q

Our sense of self; according to Erikson, the adolescent’s task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles

A

Identity

39
Q

The “we” aspect of our self-concept; the part of our answer to “Who am I?” that comes from our group memberships

A

Social identity

40
Q

The ability to form close, loving relationships(😘❤️); a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood

A

Intimacy

41
Q

For some people in modern cultures, a period from the late teens to mid twenties, bridging the gap between adolescent dependence and full independence and responsible adulthood

A

Emerging adulthood

42
Q

The sex chromosome found in both men and women. Females have two __ chromosomes; males have one. A(n) __ chromosome from each parent produces a female child.

A

X chromosome

43
Q

The sex chromosome found only in males. When paired with a(n) __ chromosome from the mother, it produces a male child.

A

Y chromosome

44
Q

The most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional ______ in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty

A

Testosterone

45
Q

The period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable or reproducing

A

Puberty

46
Q

The body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible

A

Primary sex characteristics

47
Q

Nonreproductive sexual traits, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair

A

Secondary sex characteristics

48
Q

The first menstrual period😑

A

Menarche

49
Q

A life-threatening, sexually transmitted infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). ____ depletes the immune system, leaving the person vulnerable to infections

A

AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)

50
Q

An enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one’s own sex (homosexual orientation), the other sex (heterosexual orientation), or both sexes (bisexual orientation)

A

Sexual orientation

51
Q

The time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines

A

Menopause

52
Q

A study in which people of different ages are compared with one another

A

Cross-sectional study

53
Q

Research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period

A

Longitudinal study

54
Q

The culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement

A

Social clock

Psychology AP (5 decks)

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