Unit 9

Question 1

Lack of a functional androgen receptor

Answer 1

-complete androgen insensitivity syndrom, aka testicular feminization mutation
People with TFR:
-Look female on the outside but have an XY meaning they still have testes, and are infertile
-Have a mutation where testosterone and DHT are not able to bind with the androgen receptor since it is dysfunctional.
No T = no internal male reproductive structures developing from the wolfing system
No DHT = no male external structures (penis)

Question 2

Lack of a functional estrogen receptor

Answer 2

• causes infertility since estradiol is necessary in males for maturation of sperm and the epididymis. In F it is necessary for ovulation to occur.
• Also causes individuals to be very tall bc estradiol causes sealing of the growth plates at puberty - growth of long bones don’t stop
• osteoporosis since estrogen maintains bone density

Question 3

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Answer 3

• individuals suffer from excess testosterone production which causes masculinizing effects in females are early early puberty in boys
• caused by a mutation in the gene for 21-hydroxylase, causing none to be produced. Because of the law of mass action this causes progesterone to be converted into testosterone and DHT causing high levels and to match the high levels of progesterone causing the symptoms

Question 4

In males FSH acts on what cells to cause

Answer 4

-Sertoli cells to cause spermatogenesis

Question 5

In males LH acts on what cells to cause

Answer 5

Lydig cells to cause testosterone secretion

Question 6

In females what cells does FSH act on and what is the response

Answer 6

Granolas cells; secrete mostly E2 in the blood which works to cause negative feedback

Question 7

In females what cells does LH act on and what is the response

Answer 7

Theca cells; secrete androgens (mostly T)

-some T is converted into E2 and released into blood or into granulosa cells

Question 8

When allowed to develop the Mullein ducts become the:

Answer 8

Fallopian tubes, uterus, and the upper vagina

Question 9

Reductase inhibitors reduce the amount of ____ in the blood

Answer 9

Dihydrotestosterone

Question 10

The fallopian tubes are derived from the ____ system and _____ normally occurs here

Answer 10

Mullerian duct; fertilization

Question 11

_______ of testosterone into the granolas cells from theca cells is an example of ______

Answer 11

simple diffusion; paracrine signaling

Question 12

Leptin binding with receptors in the female hypothalamus is a signal involved in initiating

Answer 12

Puberty

Question 13

Estradiol has a brief _____ feedback effect on the hypothalamus to cause _____

Answer 13

positive; ovulation

Question 14

Loss of the uterine lining occurs when _____ fails to bind with receptors in the uterus

Answer 14

Progesterone

Question 15

Human chorionic gonadotropin is secreted by th e_____ and maintains the _____

Answer 15

chorion of the embryo; corpus luteum

Question 16

What is responsible for the cessation of reproductive cycles in women?

Answer 16

The ovaries are unable to respond to luteinizing hormone or follicle stimulation hormone