Unit 9 Flashcards

1
Q

When did Georg Elser attempt to assassinate Hitler?

A

November 1939

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2
Q

When was France invaded? (Second world war)

A

May 1940

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3
Q

What order met opposition in Bavaria in April 1941?

A

The order to remove crucifixes from walls

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4
Q

Where did deputy Fuhrer Rudolf Hess fly in 1941?

A

Scotland

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5
Q

When did Operation Barbarossa begin?

A

June 1941

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6
Q

What was Operation Barbarossa the code name for?

A

The invasion of the Soviet Union

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7
Q

What did Bishop Von Galen publicly challenge in August 1941?

A

The T4 programme

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8
Q

When did Germany declare war on the USA (second world war)

A

11th December 1941

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9
Q

What occurred in the Christmas bonus of 1942?

A

Every citizen received extra rations, including an extra 200 Grammes of meat

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10
Q

When did clothing become scarce?

A

1941

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11
Q

When were permits introduced for furniture?

A

1st August 1942

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12
Q

When did household goods begin to be rationed?

A

20th January 1943

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13
Q

How did Georg Elser attempt to assassinate Hitler?

A

He exploded a bomb when Hitler made a speech commemorating the Munich Putsch. Bomb exploded but hitler wasn’t in room at the time

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14
Q

What was the elation over victory in France in 1940 replaced by?

A

Frustration as Britain refused to back down and submit to German rule

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15
Q

Why did morale take a further hit in May 1941?

A

Rudolf Hess flew to Scotland and returned empty handed

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16
Q

What did Goebbels appeal for on the 19th of December 1941

A

Winter clothes for troops

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17
Q

Why was the failure to win outright victory immediately in the east significant?

A

It led many to question Nazi ideology for the first time

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18
Q

When was Goebbels total war speech?

A

February 1943

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19
Q

What caused greater contempt at nazi rule?

A

Defeat in North Africa, Soviet Union, the Atlantic and Italy

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20
Q

What was an example of resistance that was reported to the party chancellory in March and April 1943?

A

The Fuhrer was prone to criticism and jokes, specifically many one liners that showed a distinct lack of respect for the once revered figure

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21
Q

What defeat clearly marked a turning point in war moral?

A

The defeat at Stalingrad

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22
Q

What were the two goals of the RAF and USAF bombing campaigns?

A

Destroying the German war industry

Undermining morale on the home front

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23
Q

How many Germans were killed by allied bombing?

A

305,000 killed, 780,000 were injured and nearly 2 million homes were destroyed

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24
Q

Which two bombing campaigns killed 80,000 civilians between them?

A

Dresden February 1945

Hamburg summer of 1943

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25
Q

What did the state attempt to provide bomb victims with,

A

Alternative accommodation and some financial compensation

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26
Q

What did goebbels call for in an attempt to stop the demoralisation caused by bombing attacks?

A

Ausharren (peserverance) which generated a spirit of heroic resistance

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27
Q

When did nazi propaganda become less effective?

A

When the reality of certain defeat dawned

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28
Q

What did the petitions over the removal of crucifixes cause Wagner to do?

A

He overturned his original order

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29
Q

What were Bavarians doing when then protested against the crucifix crisis?

A

They were defending their regional culture, not challenging the Fuhrer

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30
Q

What was the T4 programme?

A

The policy of killing asylum patients and the closure of local monasteries

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31
Q

What was opposition from the church motivated by?

A

An attempt to maintain independence and integrity within the system, not an objection to Nazism

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32
Q

Why was Dietrich Bonhoffer executed in April 1945?

A

He went against the official church policy and opposed the regime. Dissent was individual not institutional

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33
Q

What was the official policy of the churches?

A

Pragmatic cooperation

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34
Q

What was any communist opposition to the regime initially undermined by?

A

The nazi soviet pact which lasted from August 1939 to June 1941

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35
Q

Who set up communist resistance cells in factories?

A

Robert Uhrig

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36
Q

How many cells of opposition were in Berlin in the summer of 1941?

A

89

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37
Q

Who did the communist resistance unite under in 1942?

A

Wilhelm Knochel

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38
Q

What was the main weakness of the communist opposition?

A

It was vulnerable to Gestapo infiltration

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39
Q

What devastated the communist movement in 1943?

A

Knochel was arrested

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40
Q

What act of rebellion did a Jewish communist group commit in 1942?

A

They fire bombed an anti Russian exhibition in Berlin

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41
Q

What did both the Goerdeler and the Kreisau circle want?

A

The restoration of human rights
And end to the war
Restoration of the rule of law

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42
Q

Which conservative opposition group wanted a democratic Germany?

A

The Kreisau circle, they wanted the foundation of self governing local communities

43
Q

How did the Goerdeler group want Germany to be ruled?

A

They rejected the idea of democracy in favour of an aristocratically governed society

44
Q

What did Goerdeler want to see an end to?

A

State involvement in economic affairs

45
Q

What did Moltke and Goerdeler disagree on?

A

Moltke wanted the emergence of a European Union

Goerdeler wanted Germany to retain its role as an independent European power

46
Q

When was the Kreisau circle discovered by the Gestapo?

A

1944

47
Q

Who did the Army swear allegiance to?

A

Hitler

48
Q

When did opposition with the army begin to emerge?

A

1943

49
Q

Why did generals begin opposing the regime?

A

Political interference of the SS had become intolerable
Generals from the Eastern Front shocked by atrocities committed against Jews
Growing belief Germany was losing the war

50
Q

Why did operation flash fail in 1943?

A

The bomb on Hitlers plane failed to explode

51
Q

Who emerged as a leading assassination plotter in 1944?

A

Count Von Stauffenburg

52
Q

Who did the bomb plot of 1944 aim to replace Hitler with?

A

Beck as president, Carl Goerdeler as chancellor

53
Q

Who switched sides when the bomb plot failed?

A

General Fromm. He arrested Stauffenburg and the other conspirators, killed them all to save himself

54
Q

What happened in the army as a result of the bomb plot in 1944?

A

Hitler salute became compulsory
Himmler became commander in chief of the Home Army
Political officers were appointed to root out dissent

55
Q

How many generals were executed as a result of the 1944 bomb plot?

A

22 out of 2000

56
Q

What finally destroyed the myths of military invincibility and the stab in the back?

A

Total defeat in 1945

57
Q

What did General Thomas lead at the ministry of war?

A

The economics section in charge of the armaments programme

58
Q

Who was the chief rival of the ministry of war for administrative supremacy of the war economy?

A

The ministry of economics, led by Walter Funk and the Four Year Plan, led by Hermann Goring

59
Q

When was the ministry of munitions created?

A

March 1940 under Fritz Todt

60
Q

What was the main economic problem/strain for the Germans?

A

Until 1942, the German economy was not fully mobilised for war

61
Q

Why were Blitzkrieg wars used by Germany?

A

They didn’t not place as great a demand on economic production

62
Q

How much did output by head fall by in 1939-1940?

A

12.5%

63
Q

What did military expenditure raise to in 1942?

A

17.2 billion reichmarks in 1939 to 55.9 billion reichmarks in 1942

64
Q

When did the number of workers working in aircraft manufacturing double?

A

1939-1941

65
Q

How many less workers were in the workforce in May 1940 than the year before?

A

3.5 million workers

66
Q

How did Germany make up the shortfall of workers?

A

French prisoners of war (800,000 by October 1940) and other nationals. Total of 2 million foreign workers by end of 1940

67
Q

How many workers were drafted in to the armed forces in 1941?

A

1.7 million

68
Q

What did General Thomas call for in February 1941?

A

Use of more rational measures of production to increase efficiency

69
Q

What did the Vichy government in France declare in September 1942?

A

Work compulsory for all men and women aged 18-65

70
Q

What did Hitler issue on the 3rd of December 1941?

A

The Fuhrer order on the simplification and increased efficiency in armaments production– basically wanted Todt to rationalise

71
Q

Who accepted responsibility for raising levels of production?

A

Industry

72
Q

Who was Todts successor in February 1942?

A

Albert Speer

73
Q

What gave Speer responsibility for all industrial output and raw materials?

A

The post of minister for armaments and production (September 1943)

74
Q

What was speers main aim?

A

Introduce labour time and space saving measures thereby boosting production

75
Q

When was the armaments commission set up?

A

1943 to standardise production and allow greater mass production

76
Q

What was a benefit to the promotion of better use of floor space?

A

Production of the me109 plane went up from 180 a month in seven factories to 1,000 a month in 3 factories

77
Q

What did the output per head rise by in armaments from 1939-1943?

A

It was 32% higher in 1943

78
Q

How much less aluminium was used in guns after rationalisation took place?

A

93%

79
Q

How much did the number of industrial workers increase by between 1942 and 1943?

A

11%

80
Q

How much did the production of all weapons grow by between 1941 and 1943?

A

130%

81
Q

Why was economic performance during the war not coherently organised?

A

Nazi state too chaotic, too many competing agencies and power blocks for any consistent policy to be formulated

82
Q

What was goebbels appointed to after the bomb plot?

A

Reich plenipotentiary for total war

83
Q

Why were foreigners not good workers for the Germans to use?

A

Their productivity was 60-80% lower than that of the German worker

84
Q

What remained constant from Sweden during the war

A

The amount of iron ore imported

85
Q

How much did the demand for steel exceed supply by in 1942?

A

30%

86
Q

How many extra women entered the workforce between 1939 and 1944?

A

200,000

87
Q

Why did hurler ideologically disagree with women working?

A

Role of women= kinder kuche kirche (children kitchen church)

88
Q

How many more children were born in 1939 than 6 years earlier?

A

1 million

89
Q

How many single women were employed at the start of the war?

A

88.7%

90
Q

What did Ian Kershaw say was the trigger to the final solution?

A

Hitler agreeing to deport Jews 16th September 1941

91
Q

What did nazi propaganda present the war with Russia as?

A

A racial war

92
Q

How much iron ore did areas of Europe that contained labour camps produce by 1943?

A

6.7 million tonnes

93
Q

What word did Hitler use in his speech on the 30th of January 1939 to describe what would happen to the Jews?

A

Vernichtung (annihilation)

94
Q

What did S.S officers such as Oswald Pohl see a chance for with the number of Jews they had under nazi control?

A

Camps similar to Russian gulags

95
Q

What was the role of the Einsatzgruppen?

A

Persecute Russian Jews. Killed 700,000 in 8 months

96
Q

What did Goebbels demand in 1941?

A

Gauleiters should be allowed to deport Jews

97
Q

What did Arthur Greiser call for in 1941?

A

Radical action towards Jews, eg extermination

98
Q

When did gassing facilities begin production in Lublin for Jews who could not work?

A

16th September 1941

99
Q

When did Germab Jews lose their citizenship?

A

April 1943

100
Q

When were Jews ordered to wear a Star of David badge?

A

1st September 1941

101
Q

When was the Wannsee conference?

A

20th January 1942

102
Q

When is it clear that the basis decided to systematically annihilate Jews?

A

The Wannsee conference

103
Q

How many concentration camps did Oswald Pohl have control over by 1942?

A

29 and 165 labour camps

104
Q

How many Jews had been murdered by the time Aushwitz had been liberated in 1945?

A

Approximately 6 million