Unit 9 Flashcards
When did Georg Elser attempt to assassinate Hitler?
November 1939
When was France invaded? (Second world war)
May 1940
What order met opposition in Bavaria in April 1941?
The order to remove crucifixes from walls
Where did deputy Fuhrer Rudolf Hess fly in 1941?
Scotland
When did Operation Barbarossa begin?
June 1941
What was Operation Barbarossa the code name for?
The invasion of the Soviet Union
What did Bishop Von Galen publicly challenge in August 1941?
The T4 programme
When did Germany declare war on the USA (second world war)
11th December 1941
What occurred in the Christmas bonus of 1942?
Every citizen received extra rations, including an extra 200 Grammes of meat
When did clothing become scarce?
1941
When were permits introduced for furniture?
1st August 1942
When did household goods begin to be rationed?
20th January 1943
How did Georg Elser attempt to assassinate Hitler?
He exploded a bomb when Hitler made a speech commemorating the Munich Putsch. Bomb exploded but hitler wasn’t in room at the time
What was the elation over victory in France in 1940 replaced by?
Frustration as Britain refused to back down and submit to German rule
Why did morale take a further hit in May 1941?
Rudolf Hess flew to Scotland and returned empty handed
What did Goebbels appeal for on the 19th of December 1941
Winter clothes for troops
Why was the failure to win outright victory immediately in the east significant?
It led many to question Nazi ideology for the first time
When was Goebbels total war speech?
February 1943
What caused greater contempt at nazi rule?
Defeat in North Africa, Soviet Union, the Atlantic and Italy
What was an example of resistance that was reported to the party chancellory in March and April 1943?
The Fuhrer was prone to criticism and jokes, specifically many one liners that showed a distinct lack of respect for the once revered figure
What defeat clearly marked a turning point in war moral?
The defeat at Stalingrad
What were the two goals of the RAF and USAF bombing campaigns?
Destroying the German war industry
Undermining morale on the home front
How many Germans were killed by allied bombing?
305,000 killed, 780,000 were injured and nearly 2 million homes were destroyed
Which two bombing campaigns killed 80,000 civilians between them?
Dresden February 1945
Hamburg summer of 1943
What did the state attempt to provide bomb victims with,
Alternative accommodation and some financial compensation
What did goebbels call for in an attempt to stop the demoralisation caused by bombing attacks?
Ausharren (peserverance) which generated a spirit of heroic resistance
When did nazi propaganda become less effective?
When the reality of certain defeat dawned
What did the petitions over the removal of crucifixes cause Wagner to do?
He overturned his original order
What were Bavarians doing when then protested against the crucifix crisis?
They were defending their regional culture, not challenging the Fuhrer
What was the T4 programme?
The policy of killing asylum patients and the closure of local monasteries
What was opposition from the church motivated by?
An attempt to maintain independence and integrity within the system, not an objection to Nazism
Why was Dietrich Bonhoffer executed in April 1945?
He went against the official church policy and opposed the regime. Dissent was individual not institutional
What was the official policy of the churches?
Pragmatic cooperation
What was any communist opposition to the regime initially undermined by?
The nazi soviet pact which lasted from August 1939 to June 1941
Who set up communist resistance cells in factories?
Robert Uhrig
How many cells of opposition were in Berlin in the summer of 1941?
89
Who did the communist resistance unite under in 1942?
Wilhelm Knochel
What was the main weakness of the communist opposition?
It was vulnerable to Gestapo infiltration
What devastated the communist movement in 1943?
Knochel was arrested
What act of rebellion did a Jewish communist group commit in 1942?
They fire bombed an anti Russian exhibition in Berlin
What did both the Goerdeler and the Kreisau circle want?
The restoration of human rights
And end to the war
Restoration of the rule of law