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Bio 310 final > Unit 9 > Flashcards

Unit 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

Sperm travel at random inside a woman’s reproductive tract. T / F?

A

False - sperm are attracted to chemicals secreted by ova, which guides their travel.

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2
Q

Prolonged athletic activity may decrease fertility in the male. T / F?

A

True.

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3
Q

A “test-tube baby” is grown in a laboratory dish throughout the nine-month gestation period. T / F?

A

False, conception happens in dish, then fertilized ovum is placed into the uterus.

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4
Q

Morning sickness is a sign that a pregnancy is progressing normally. T / F?

A

true

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5
Q

For the first week after conception, a fertilized egg cell is not attached to its mother’s body. T / F?

A

True

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6
Q

Pregnant women can have one or two alcoholic beverages a day without ­harming their babies. T / F?

A

false

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7
Q

The way that the umbilical cord is cut determines whether the baby will have an “inny” or an “outy.” T / F?

A

false

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8
Q

In Canada, nearly 3 births in 10 are by Caesarean section. T / F?

A

true

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9
Q

Couples should abstain from sexual activity for at least six weeks after ­childbirth. T / F?

A

True

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10
Q

What chromosomes do ova carry?

A

X

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11
Q

What chromosomes do sperm carry?

A

X or Y - males determine gender

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12
Q

zona pellucida

A

Gelatinous layer surrounding an ovum

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13
Q

hyaluronidase

A

An enzyme that briefly thins the zona pellucida enabling one sperm to penetrate it.

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14
Q

Motility

A

Self-propulsion
Measure of viability for sperm cells

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15
Q

Autoimmune response (male fertility problems)

A

Production of antibodies that attack naturally occurring substances that are incorrectly recognized as foreign or harmful.

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16
Q

Most common fertility problem in men?

A

Low sperm count

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17
Q

Artificial insemination

A

Introduction of sperm into reproductive tract through means other than sex

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18
Q

Most common fertility problem in women?

A

Failure to ovulate/irregular ovulation

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19
Q

Endometriosis

A

A condition caused by the growth of endometrial tissue in the abdominal cavity or elsewhere outside the uterus, characterized by menstrual pain.

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20
Q

Laparoscopy

A

Medical procedure in which a long narrow tube is inserted through the navel, permitting visual inspection of the organs in the pelvic cavity

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21
Q

In vitro fertilization (IVF)

A

Method of conception in which mature ova are surgically removed from an ovary and placed in a laboratory dish with sperm.

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22
Q

Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)

A

A method of conception in which sperm and ova are inserted into a fallopian tube to encourage conception.

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23
Q

Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT)

A

A method of conception in which an ovum is fertilized in a laboratory dish, then placed in a fallopian tube.

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24
Q

Donor IVF

A

A variation of in vitro fertilization in which an ovum is taken from one woman, fertilized, and injected into the uterus or fallopian tube of another woman.

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25
Q

Embryonic transfer

A

A method of conception in which a female volunteer is artificially inseminated by the male partner of the intended mother, then the embryo is removed from the volunteer and inserted into the uterus of the intended mother.

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26
Q

intracytoplasmic sperm ­injection (ICSI)

A

A method of conception in which a single sperm is injected directly into an ovum.

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27
Q

surrogate mother

A

A woman who is impregnated with the sperm of a prospective father via artificial insemination, carries the embryo and fetus to term, and then gives the child to the prospective parents.

28
Q

Human Chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

A

A hormone produced by a woman shortly after conception. hCG stimulates the corpus luteum to continue producing ­progesterone. The presence of hCG in a ­woman’s urine indicates that she’s pregnant.

29
Q

Miscarriage

A

spontaneous abortion

30
Q

Normal gestation period

A

280 days

31
Q

Naegeles rule

A

Method of calculating delivery date

  1. Write down the date of the first day of the last menstrual period.
  2. Add seven days.
  3. Subtract three months.
  4. Add one year.
32
Q

Germinal stage

A

The period of prenatal ­development before implantation in the uterus.
Also called period of the ovum.

33
Q

Blastocyst

A

An embryo that consists of a sphere of cells surrounding a cavity of fluid. This occurs at the germinal stage of embryonic development.

34
Q

Embryonic Stage

A

The stage of prenatal ­development that lasts from implantation through the eighth week. It’s ­characterized by differentiation of the major organ systems.

35
Q

Amniotic sac

A

contains fetus

36
Q

Amniotic fluid

A

fluid inside amniotic sac, protects and suspends fetus

37
Q

Placenta

A

An organ connected to the fetus by the umbilical cord. The placenta serves as a relay station between the mother and the fetus, allowing the exchange of nutrients and wastes.

38
Q

umbilical cord

A

A tube that connects the fetus to the placenta.

39
Q

Fetal stage

A

9th week of gestation to birth

40
Q

Teratogens

A

Environmental influences or agents that can damage an embryo or fetus.

41
Q

critical period of vulnerability

A

A period when an embryo or fetus is vulnerable to the effects of a teratogen.

42
Q

Rubella

A

A viral infection that can cause deafness, intellectual disabilities, and heart disease in an embryo. It’s also called German measles.

43
Q

Syphilis

A

STD caused by bacterial infection

44
Q

Still birth

A

Birth of dead fetus

45
Q

pregnancy-induced hypertension (pre-eclampsia)

A

Life-threatening condition characterized by high blood pressure.

46
Q

Rh incompatibility

A

A condition in which antibodies produced by a pregnant woman are transmitted to the fetus, where they may cause brain damage or death.

47
Q

fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

A

A cluster of symptoms in the infant caused by maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy. These symptoms are typified by developmental lags, characteristic facial features, and a smaller-than-average body and brain.

48
Q

Efface

A

Cause to become thin

49
Q

Dilate

A

open or widen

50
Q

transition

A

The process during which the cervix becomes almost fully dilated and the infant’s head begins to move into the birth canal.

51
Q

Lamaze method

A

A childbirth method during which a woman learns how to relax and breathe in patterns that conserve energy and lessen pain, with the help of a coach (usually the father) who’s present during the birth. The Lamaze method is also called prepared childbirth.

52
Q

C-section

A

A method of childbirth in which the fetus is delivered through a surgical incision in the abdomen.

53
Q

Transverse position

A

crosswise birth position

54
Q

preterm

A

born before 37 weeks gestation

55
Q

Prolactin

A

Pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production. 2-3 days after birth

56
Q

Lochia

A

A reddish vaginal discharge that may persist for a month after childbirth.

57
Q

Canadian women have an average of babies each.

.6

1

1.6

2

A

1.6

58
Q

may carry either X or Y chromosomes.

Sperm

Ova

Gametes

Blastocysts

A

sperm

59
Q

The most common cause of fertility problems in males is :.

sexually transmitted infections

injury to the testes

low sperm counts

high scrotal temperature

A

low sperm counts

60
Q

All of the following can lead to infertility in women except .

failure to ovulate

sexually transmitted infections

declining levels of estrogen

laparoscopy

A

laparoscopy

61
Q

As of 2014, the only provinces or territories to fully cover the cost of in vitro fertilization were .

Saskatchewan and Nova Scotia

Quebec and Ontario

New Brunswick and Manitoba

Ontario and Alberta

A

quebec and ontario

62
Q

The first stage of prenatal development is the stage.

embryonic

placental

fetal

germinal

A

germinal

63
Q

Most ectopic pregnancies occur in the .

ovaries

cervix

fallopian tubes

uterus

A

fallopian tubes

64
Q

uterus

In 1990, the teen birth rate in Canada was 25.5 per 1000. In 2013, the rate was .

11.1

18.1

27.1

31.1

A

11.1

65
Q

Approximately of women experience some sadness, irritability, or low mood following the birth of a baby.

25%

40%

50%

70%

A

70

66
Q

A study of 570 women found that they resumed sexual intercourse with male partners an average of weeks after childbirth.

six

seven

eight

nine

A

seven

Bio 310 final (5 decks)

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