Unit 13 sexually transmitted infections Flashcards
Most women who contract gonorrhea do not develop symptoms. T / F?
True, about 80% of women have no symptoms
Christopher Columbus brought more than beads, blankets, and tobacco back to Europe from the New World: He also brought syphilis. T / F?
unclear
Gonorrhea and syphilis can be contracted from toilet seats in public rest rooms. T / F?
false
If a syphilitic sore goes away by itself, the infection does not require medical treatment. T / F?
false
Men can develop vaginal infections. T / F?
false
As you are reading this, you are engaged in search-and-destroy missions against foreign agents within your body. T / F?
true
Most people who are infected by HIV remain symptom free and seem to be healthy for years. T / F?
true
Genital herpes can be transmitted only during flare-ups of the infection. T / F?
false
Pubic lice are of the same family of animals as crabs. T / F?
false
sexually transmitted infection (STI)
An infection that’s passed from one person to another through sexual contact. (Some STIs, such as HIV, can also be transmitted in other ways.)
Most common STI in canada?
HPV and HSV
Chlamydia
most common bacterial sti in canada
parasitic, only survives within cells
transmission through unprotected sex
may also cause eye infection
symptoms of chlamydia
Urethritis
thin white discharge from penis
painful urination
scrotum soreness
heaviness in testes
yellow-green discharge
in women:
burning urination
genital irritation
mild discharge
pelvic pain
irregular menstruation
PID
scarring of fallopian tubes
90% men and 70% women show no symptoms
pelvic inflammatory disease(PID)
Inflammation of the pelvic region in women, possibly including the cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, abdominal cavity, and ovaries. Its symptoms are abdominal pain, tenderness, nausea, fever, and irregular menstrual cycles. The condition may lead to infertility.
T/F penicillin can be used to treat chlamydia infections
false. Chlamydia is resistant to penicillin
Gonorrhea
second most commonly reported bacterial STI in canada
Characterized by discharge and burning urination
if untreated can cause PID/infertility.
pharyngeal gonorrhea
A gonorrheal infection of the pharynx, which is the cavity leading from the mouth and nasal passages to the larynx and esophagus. It’s characterized by a sore throat.
Gonorrhea symptoms
some men experience symptoms within 2-5 days
penile discharge that is clear, then turns yellow-green and pussy
urethritis
burning urination
women:
Cervicitis
yellow-green discharge that irritates vulva
burning urination
Syphilis
An STI caused by the Treponema pallidum bacterium. It may progress through several stages of development, often from a chancre to a skin rash to damage to the cardiovascular or central nervous system.
Chancre
sore/ulcer
syphilis transmission
unprotected sex where open lesions come into contact with mucus membranes or skin abrasions of their partner
congenital syphilis
A syphilis infection that is present at birth. syphilis can cross the placenta
Syphilis symptoms
stage 1: 2-4 weeks post contact. painless chancre - in woman, usually inside vagina or on cervix
may also appear on lips or tongue
chancre dissapears within a few weeks
Stage 2: weeks-months later. skin rash. painless, red raised bumps, painful joints, sore throat, headaches, fever.
Dormant stage: 1-40 years
Treatment of choice for syphilis
penicillin shot (long acting)
Vaginitis
Any type of vaginal infection or inflammation
Bacterial vaginosis
A form of vaginitis usually caused by the Gardnerella vaginalis bacterium.
characterized by foul smelling vaginal discharge
oral abx or topical to tx.
Candidiasis
Form of vaginitis caused by yeast like fungus
Trichomoniasis
A form of vaginitis caused by the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis.
women: vaginal itching/burning, pain during sex/urination, foamy white discharge
men are usually symptom free
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
A sexually transmitted virus that destroys white blood cells in the immune system, leaving the body vulnerable to life-threatening diseases.
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
A condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and characterized by destruction of the immune system, stripping the body of its ability to fend off life-threatening diseases.
immune system
The complex of mechanisms the body uses to protect itself from disease-causing agents such as pathogens.
leukocytes
White blood cells that are essential to the body’s defences against infection.
antigen
A protein, toxin, or other substance to which the body reacts by producing antibodies. The word is formed from “antibody generator.”
antibody
A specialized protein that attaches itself to a foreign body, inactivates it, and marks it for destruction.
opportunistic diseases
Diseases that take hold only when the immune system is weakened and unable to fend them off.
Pneumonia
KAposis sarcoma
toxoplasmosis
herpes
Begnnings of aids s/s
Swollen lymph nodes
fatigue
fever
night sweats
diarrhea
weightloss
antiretroviral therapy (ART)
A combination of drugs used to treat HIV and AIDS. ART allows people with HIV to live healthy lives and greatly reduces the chances of transmitting HIV to sex partners.
pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)
The use of HIV antiviral medications by HIV-negative people who are at high risk for HIV infection.
post-exposure prohylaxis (PEP)
The use of HIV antiviral medications by HIV-negative people within 72 hours after potential exposure to HIV.
genital herpes
An STI caused by the herpes simplex virus, type 1 (HSV-1) or type 2 (HSV-2). It’s characterized by blister-like sores on the genitals.
herpes simplex virus, type 1 (HSV-1)
The virus that causes oral herpes, which is characterized by cold sores on the lips and in the mouth. HSV-1 can be transmitted from the mouth of an infected person to the genitals of another person, resulting in genital herpes.
herpes simplex virus, type 2 (HSV-2)
A virus that causes many cases of genital herpes. It is usually transmitted through genital-to-genital contact.
ocular herpes
A herpes infection of the eye, usually caused by touching an infected area of the body and then touching the eye.
prodromal symptoms
Warning symptoms that signal the onset or flare-up of a disease.
hepatitis
An inflammation of the liver.
HPV
Most common STI in world
70% of adult canadians will have an infection in their lifetime.
genital warts
An STI caused by the human papillomavirus. It takes the form of warts around the genitals and anus.
ectoparasite
A parasite that lives on the outer surface of an animal.
pediculosis
An infestation of pubic lice.
scabies
A parasitic infestation by a tiny mite that may be transmitted through sexual contact or contact with infested fabrics.
Many Canadian university students are unaware of HPV, which causes .
genital herpes
hepatitis B
genital warts
molluscum contagiosum
c
As many as of men and of women with chlamydia have no symptoms.
90%; 70%
75%; 50%
35%; 10%
25%; 70%
a
Untreated chlamydia can lead to in women.
yeast infections
wasting syndrome
cervical cancer
pelvic inflammatory disease
d
Canada’s National Advisory Committee on Immunization recommends HPV vaccination for .
females, but not males, aged 9 to 19
females, but not males, aged 9 to 23
females aged 9 to 26 and males who have sex with males in the same age group
females and males aged 9 to 26
d
According to the Canadian Health Measures Survey, what percentage of Canadians aged 14 to 59 have HSV-2?
6.1%
13.6%
21.3%
31.1%
b
The people living with an STI participating in Foster and Byers’ (2016) study .
were more likely to have changed sex partners in the previous three months compared to people without STIs
reported high levels of sexual satisfaction and sexual self-esteem
reported high anxiety in sexual situations
were more likely to have a high social status among their peers compared to people without STIs
b
Which of the following is a psychological factor in the spread of STIs?
multiple means of transmission
perceived low risk
the fact that many cases of STI are asymptomatic
socioeconomic status
b
ART is effective in treating .
HPV
hepatitis A
HIV
syphilisc
Which of the following is a social factor in the spread of STIs?
socioeconomic status
lack of vaccines
PEP
the fact that many cases of STI are asymptomatica
a
Which of the following is not considered an effective prevention strategy for reducing your risk of STIs?
going with your partner to a clinic so you can both be tested for STIs
using birth-control pills
engaging in mutual masturbation instead of penile–vaginal or penile–anal intercourse
using latex condoms
b
