Unit 9 Flashcards
deforestation/burning: sink or source
Source
Effect of Climate Change: Increase in pathogenic ________
diseases
Effect of Climate Change: Melting _______
icecaps
Carbon cycles between ______ & ______ things
biotic & abiotic
Ecosystem Diversity
The variety if habitats that exist within a given region
Effect of Climate Change: Average global temp ____
rise
Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis
the hypothesis that ecosystems experiencing intermediate levels of disturbances are more diverse than those with high or low disturbance levels
combustion of fossil fuels: sink or source
Source
What is monocropping and why is it bad?
When a farmer only produces one type of crop. This reduces genetic diversity, making the crop more susceptible to disease
carrying capacity
of organisms that a region can support with its current resources
Estuaries
transition zone between rivers and oceans
Most energy is lost in ____ to the environment (__%)
heat, 90
Effect of Climate Change: Weather events are becoming more e______, f________, and un___________
extreme, frequent, unpredictable
Population is decreased by d____ and e_________
death and emigration
Bycatch
unwanted catch that is often killed
Logistic Growth shape
S curve
Population Bottleneck
a drastic reduction in population size
consequences of global warming
Rising ocean, ocean warming, extreme weather, average, global temperature, rise, increase in pathogenic diseases, melting, ice caps, ocean acidification, affects on plants and wildlife
Food chain arrows show
who gives energy to who
Population is increased by b____ and i__________.
birth and immigration
decomposition: sink or source
Both
which two carbon gases are leading to climate change
CO2 (carbon dioxide) & CH4 (methane)
sedimentation of organic material on the ocean floor: sink or source
Sink
Watershed
a land area that channels all snowmelt and rainfall to a singular point
Animals can fill ____ ____ ____ trophic level
more than one
Detritovores
feed on dead materials (Ex: worms, crabs, vultures)
Estuaries are often characterized by
brackish waters and sheltered habitats
the sea is rising due to melting glaciers. What is the other reason?
Thermal expansion
Habitat fragmentation
And habitats are broken up due to habitat loss. For example, central Park Forests
Indicator Species
species that are very sensitive to a certain environmental condition
Decomposers
chemically break down dead materials (Ex: bacteria, fungi)
Resiliance
ability and rate of an ecosystem to recover from a disturbance and return to its pre-disturbed state
Ecological Disturbances
A shift in environmental conditions that causes a pronounced change in an ecosystem
___________ connects marine and freshwater systems
Groundwater
CH4
methane
Aquatic ecosystems are all _________
connected
Ecosystem succession:
replacement of one community by another over time
Fossil fuels: sink or source
Sink
Effect of Climate Change: Ocean _____________.
Acidification
There is only about a __% gain from trophic level to trophic level
10
Ocean: sink or source
Sink
What causes the pH of the ocean to decrease and make it more acidic
Fossil fuels. Carbon dioxide diffuse into the water which reacts with it to produce carbonic acid, which makes it harder for organisms to survive specifically shells because because it doesn’t let them make calcium carbonate.
Genetic Diversity
genetic variation among individuals in a population
Species diversity
the number of species in an organism
Resistance
ability to remain unchanged when being subjected to disturbance
why are decomposers important?
They help recycle nutrients and energy
Primary Succession:
first time life has formed on surface
______ is the backbone of life on earth
carbon
Exponential Growth Chart shape
J shaped curve
A population is:
A group of organisms of the SAME species living in the SAME space at the SAME time
Limiting Factors
Limit the population size from reaching its biotic potential
Population letter equation:
B+I-D-E
Density-Dependant
Ex: Food, disease, predators, space, competition
Which greenhouse gas is being emitted the most?
CO2
Types of producers
plants, cyanobacteria, protists (algae/phytoplankton)
Habitat Fragmentation
Isolates populations, disrupting mating and reducing gene flow
Density independent
Factors that affect populations regardless of their density. Ex: temps, storms, floods, droughts
Over fertilization causes _____ ______.
algae blooms
Biotic Potential
maximin reproduction rate of population in ideal conditions
Effect of Climate Change: Sea level ____
rise
Ecosystem Engineers:
species that modify their environment in such way that other organisms rely on the changes to live or thrive (also are a keystone species)
Effect of Climate Change: Ocean _______
warming
Keystone species:
a species that, if removed, results in the health of an economy drastically declining.
Secondary Succession:
NOT the first time life has formed in the surface
pioneer organisms:
the first organisms in an area
Greenhouses gases absorb radiations from the sun & ___ the ____ in Earth’s atmosphere.
trap, heat
photosynthesis: sink or source
Sink
