unit 9

Question 1

social psychology

Answer 1

the study of how we think about, influence, and relate to others

Question 2

attribution theory

Answer 2

someone’s behavior is explained by either their disposition or situation

Question 3

fundamental attribution error

Answer 3

one’s behavior is based on their disposition (internal) causes and not their situational (external) causes

Question 4

attitude

Answer 4

one’s thoughts and feelings about something based on the past, can shape their future, and are evaluative in nature

Question 5

peripheral route persuasion

Answer 5

people influenced by incidental cues or attractiveness

Question 6

central route persuasion

Answer 6

interested people focus on arguments and facts, and respond with good thoughts

Question 7

foot-in-the-door phenomenon

Answer 7

when someone first agrees to something small, they are more likely to agree with something bigger in the future

Question 8

door-in-the-face

Answer 8

being rejected for a large favor, so asking for a smaller favor and getting agreement

Question 9

role

Answer 9

norms and expectations for how one acts/behaves in social settings

Question 10

cognitive dissonance theory

Answer 10

our actions are influenced by our want to reduce discomfort when our thoughts don’t align

Question 11

norms

Answer 11

prescribe “proper” behavior

Question 12

chameleon effect

Answer 12

going along with others without thinking about it

Question 13

conformity

Answer 13

changing ourselves to fit in with a group standard

Question 14

normative social influence

Answer 14

actions are influenced to get approval from others

Question 15

informational social influence

Answer 15

actions are influenced by accepting and understanding others’ thoughts

Question 16

social facilitation

Answer 16

doing better at something because people are watching you do it

Question 17

social loafing

Answer 17

not using you full potential because you’re working with others

Question 18

deindividuation

Answer 18

less self control when you lose self-awareness in a group setting based around arousal and anonumity

Question 19

group polarization

Answer 19

through discussing in a group, the group’s performance increases

Question 20

groupthink

Answer 20

how one thinks in a group when they need to come up with a decision and waves the alternatives

Question 21

culture

Answer 21

behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people, passed on to later generations

Question 22

prejudice

Answer 22

unjustifiable (normally bad) attitudes toward a group and its members - involves stereotypes, negative feelings, etc.

Question 23

ethnocentrism

Answer 23

assuming the superiority of one’s ethnic group

Question 24

stereotype

Answer 24

generalized belief about a group of people (sometimes correct, but often overgeneralized)

Question 25

discrimination

Answer 25

unjustifiable bad behavior toward a group and its members

Question 26

just-world phenomenon

Answer 26

tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get

Question 27

ingroup

Answer 27

“us” - people who share a common identity

Question 28

ingroup bias

Answer 28

tendency to favor own group

Question 29

outgroup

Answer 29

“them” - those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup

Question 30

scapegoat theory

Answer 30

theory that prejudice offers and outlet by giving something to blame

Question 31

other-race effect

Answer 31

tendency to recall faces of one’s own race better than faces of other races

Question 32

aggression

Answer 32

physical or verbal harm meant to harm someone physically or emotionally

Question 33

frustration-aggression principle

Answer 33

principle that frustration - the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal - creates anger whcih can cause aggression

Question 34

social scripts

Answer 34

culturally modeled guide for how to behave in different kinds of situations

Question 35

mere exposure effect

Answer 35

the idea that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them

Question 36

passionate love

Answer 36

aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, normally seen at beginning of romantic relationships

Question 37

companionate love

Answer 37

deep affectionate attachment we feel for those who we care about

Question 38

equity

Answer 38

condition where people receive what they give in a relationship

Question 39

self-disclosure

Answer 39

act of showing intimate aspects of ourselves to others

Question 40

altruism

Answer 40

unselfish regard for the welfare of others

Question 41

bystander effect

Answer 41

tendency for any bystander to be less likely to help if others bystanders are around

Question 42

social exchange theory

Answer 42

theory that our social behavior is and exchange process with an aim to maximize benefits and minimize cost

Question 43

reciprocity norm

Answer 43

expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them

Question 44

social-responsibility norm

Answer 44

expectation that people will help those needing their help

Question 45

conflict

Answer 45

perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas

Question 46

social trap

Answer 46

situation that conflicting parties, that pursue self interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior

Question 47

mirror-image perceptions

Answer 47

mutual views, typically held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself and ethical and right, while other side is evil and aggressive

Question 48

self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 48

a belief that leads to its own fulfillment

Question 49

superordinate goals

Answer 49

goals that are shaped between people that are very different and require their cooperation

Question 50

GRIT

Answer 50

Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction: strategy designed to decrease international tensions