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unit 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

epigenetics

A

study of environmental influence on gene expression that occur without a DNA change

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2
Q

DSM-5

A

the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition; widely used system to classify psychological disorders

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3
Q

phobia

A

anxiety disorder - persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation

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4
Q

obsession

A

repetitive thoughts

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5
Q

compulsion

A

repetitive behaviors/actions

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6
Q

mania

A

hyperactive, very optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgement is common

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7
Q

rumination

A

compulsive fretting; overthinking our problems and their causes

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8
Q

hallucinations

A

false sensory experiences - seeing/hearing things that aren’t there

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9
Q

delusions

A

false belief, often of persecution of grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders

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10
Q

flat affect

A

state with no apparent feeling

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11
Q

conversion disorder

A

related to somatic symptom disorder where someone experiences specific physical symptoms with seemingly no explanation

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12
Q

illness anxiety disorder

A

related to somatic symptom disorder where the person thinks normal physical sensations are symptoms of a disease

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13
Q

fugue state

A

sudden loss of memory or change in identity, often a response of an overwhelming stressful situation

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14
Q

biomedical therapy

A

prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person’s physiology

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15
Q

psychotherapy

A

a planned, emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained, socially sanctioned healer and a sufferer

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16
Q

eclectic approach

A

approach to psychotherapy that uses techniques from various forms of therapy

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17
Q

psychoanalysis

A

Freud believed the patient’s free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences - and therapist’s interpretations of them - released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight

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18
Q

free association

A

client spontaneously reports thoughts, feelings, and mental images that come to mind (no censorship)

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19
Q

resistance

A

blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material

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20
Q

interpretation

A

analyst’s noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight

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21
Q

trasference

A

patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships

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22
Q

psychodynamic therapy

A

therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition; views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, seeks self-insight

23
Q

insight therapies

A

aim to improve psychological function by increasing a person’s awareness of underlying motives and defenses

24
Q

client-centered therapy (person-centered)

A

active listening within an accepting, genuine, empathic environment to facilitate clients’ growth

25
Q

active listening

A

empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies

26
Q

unconditional positive regard

A

a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude that was thought to help client develop self-awareness and self-acceptance

27
Q

behavior therapy

A

therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors

28
Q

counterconditioning

A

behavior therapy procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; include exposure therapies and aversive conditioning

29
Q

exposure therapies

A

behavioral techniques that treat anxieties by exposing people to the things they fear and avoid

30
Q

systematic desensitization

A

an exposure therapy that associated a pleasant related state with gradually increasing stimuli that is anxiety-inducing

31
Q

virtual reality exposure therapy

A

counterconditioning technique that treats anxiety through creative electronic simulations

32
Q

aversive conditioning

A

counterconditioning type that associates an unpleasant state with unwanted behavior

33
Q

token economy

A

operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange them for treats

34
Q

cognitive therapy

A

based on assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions

35
Q

rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

A

confrontational cognitive therapy, that vigorously challenges people’s illogical, self-defeating attitudes and assumptions

36
Q

cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)

A

integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy with behavior therapy

37
Q

group therapy

A

therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals, providing benefits from group interaction

38
Q

family therapy

A

therapy that treats people in the context of their family system - views an individual’s unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members

39
Q

meta-analysis

A

a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies

40
Q

evidence-based practice

A

clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preference

41
Q

therapeutic alliance

A

bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and client, who work together constructively to overcome the client’s problem

42
Q

psychopharmacology

A

study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior

43
Q

antipsychotics

A

drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder

44
Q

tardive dyskinesia

A

involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs

45
Q

antianxiety drugs

A

drugs used to control anxiety and agitation

46
Q

antidpressant drugs

A

drugs used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, OCD, PTSD

47
Q

neurogenesis

A

birth of new brain cells

48
Q

lithium

A

a slat that effectively levels the emotional highs and lows of this disorder

49
Q

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

A

biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient

50
Q

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

A

application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity

51
Q

psychosurgery

A

surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior

52
Q

lobotomy

A

psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients - cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling parts of the inner brain

53
Q

resilience

A

personal strength that helps most people come with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma

54
Q

posttraumatic growth

A

positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crisis

ap psych (2 decks)

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