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Counselling Psychology > Unit 9 - 12 theories > Flashcards

Unit 9 - 12 theories Flashcards

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1
Q

Type of counselling: focuses on the view that people are primarily motivated by social interests

A

Adlerian theory

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2
Q

in Adlerian theory, clients are challenged to consider their own private logic

A

confrontation

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3
Q

condition of being transparent in the therapeutic relationship by giving up roles and facades

A

congruence

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4
Q

attuned to the awareness of the outside world

A

conscious mind

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5
Q

a way of coping with anxiety on an unconscious level by denying or distorting reality

A

defense mechanisms

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6
Q

technique that utilized dreams as a way to understanding the unconscious

A

dream analysis

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7
Q

drawing on various theories, techniques, and practices to meet client needs

A

eclecticism

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8
Q

the ability to grasp a client’s communications, intentions, and meanings

A

empathy

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9
Q

Type of counselling: focuses on and emphasizes the freedom that people have to choose what to make of their circumstances

A

existential counselling

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10
Q

focuses on the belief that people work towards wholeness and completeness in life

A

Gestalt therapy

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11
Q

focuses on the potential of people to actively choose and to purposefully decide about self and environmental issues

A

humanistic

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12
Q

a pronounced feeling of being inferior to others

A

inferiority complex

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13
Q

focuses on the view that people are essentially good, positive, forward-moving, constructive, realistic, and trustworthy

A

person-centred counselling

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14
Q

a perspective in person-centred theory, in which the person’s perception of reality rather than the event itself is considered important

A

phenomenological perspective

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15
Q

an unconditional, deep, and genuine caring for a client as a person

A

positive regard

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16
Q

based on the view that human nature is dynamic with the transformation and exchange of energy within the personality

A

psychoanalysis

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17
Q

the process of being what one is and not a process of striving to become; centred in the present

A

self-actualization

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18
Q

a feeling of being connected to society; being part of it, taking an active interest in it, and having a willingness to contribute to it

A

social interest

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19
Q

an unproductive neurotic fiction created by a tendency to overcompensate for feelings of inferiority

A

superiority complex

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20
Q

a model that hypothesizes about the formation of possible solutions to a problem

A

theory

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21
Q

use of counter-conditioning principles to help a client overcome a phobia or an extreme fear reaction

A

systematic desensitization

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22
Q

presenting an aversive stimulus to a situation to suppress or eliminate a behaviour

A

punishment

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23
Q

focuses on tapping into people’s inner resources and noting exceptions to the times when they are distressed

A

solution-focused counselling

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24
Q

assumes that meaning or knowledge is constructed through social interaction; uses stories to help clients re-author their lives through new narratives

A

narrative counselling

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25
Q

behaviour learned gradually in steps through successive approximation

A

shaping

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26
Q

focuses on action over insight to alter and reorganize a family into a more functional and productive unit [

A

structural family counselling

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27
Q

focuses on helping people realize they can live more rational and productive lives, emphasizing both self-interest and social interest

A

rational emotive behavioural therapy

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28
Q

focuses on conceptualizing a group of related elements, such as family, that interact as a whole entity

A

systems theory

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29
Q

focuses on remediating problems seen as occurring within a developmental framework of a family life cycle; strives to resolve presenting problems

A

strategic (brief) counselling

30
Q

events that, when they follow a behaviour, increase the probability of the behaviour being repeated

A

reinforcers

31
Q

events are related through a series of interacting feedback loops

A

circular causality

32
Q

focuses on helping people in crises to recognize and correct temporary affective, behavioural, and cognitive distortions brought on by traumatic events

A

crisis counselling

33
Q

focuses on mental processes and their influences on mental health and behaviour

A

cognitive and cognitive-behavioural counselling

34
Q

the display of behaviours in environments outside of where they were originally learned

A

generalization

35
Q

focuses on differentiating or distinguishing one’s thoughts from one’s emotions, and oneself from others

A

Bowen systems theory

36
Q

elimination of a behaviour by withdrawal of its reinforcement

A

extinction

37
Q

focuses on examining and modifying unexamined and negative thought distortions

A

cognitive therapy

38
Q

focuses on the assumption that all behaviour is learned

A

behavioural therapy

39
Q

thoughts, beliefs, and internal images that people have about events in their lives

A

cognitions

40
Q

clients learn new, appropriate ways of acting, or they modify or eliminate excessive actions

A

behavioural theory

41
Q

members are more alike than unalike

A

homogeneous groups

42
Q

focuses on the usual, yet often difficult, problems of living collectively through interpersonal support and problem solving

A

counselling group

43
Q

two or more people interacting together to achieve a goal for their mutual benefit

A

group

44
Q

the enactment of unrehearsed role-plays with the group leader serving as the director

A

psychodrama

45
Q

do not admit new members after sessions have begun

A

closed-ended groups

46
Q

a multidimensional process in which group members respond to the verbal messages and nonverbal behaviours of another person

A

feedback

47
Q

members are more unalike than alike

A

heterogeneous groups

48
Q

admit new members after sessions have begun

A

open-ended groups

49
Q

a group that focuses on remediating in-depth psychological problems

A

psychotherapy group

50
Q

what has been said within the group setting is not to be revealed outside the group

A

confidentiality

51
Q

an extended, one-session group experience that breaks down the defensive barriers that individuals may present

A

group marathon

52
Q

focuses on a potential threat, a developmental life event, or an immediate life crisis

A

psychoeducational group

53
Q

a group process in which stereotypical, defensive, and stale thought processes become the norm, thereby squelching creativity and problem solving

A

groupthink

54
Q

focuses on spontaneous development, centres on a single topic, and is led by a layperson with little formal group training but with experience in the stressful event that brought the group together

A

self-help group

55
Q

focuses on a particular concern or problem, and is organized by an established professional helping organization

A

support group

56
Q

a group that is likely to learn from the group experience how one’s behaviour in a group influences others’ behaviour and vice versa

A

T-group

57
Q

how minds make sense of reality

A

constructivism

58
Q

overcoming inertia, resisting procrastination, relieving job-related stress, building interpersonal support systems, and avoiding feelings of frustration and failure

A

employability skills

59
Q

a link from one database to another

A

crosswalk

60
Q

a person who acts as a personal trainer, consultant, and mentor, identifying specific goals, developing action plans, and following up on progress

A

life coach

61
Q

a stage in career development in which self-concept adjusts to fit the stabilized career choice

A

maintenance stage

62
Q

defining the problem, finding and using information, creating alternatives, and developing, implementing, and evaluating plans

A

career decision making

63
Q

a stage in career development in which a person deals with reduced energy and tries to maintain his/her position until retirement

A

decline stage

64
Q

how meanings are created through the interactions of individuals in various contexts, such as family

A

constructionism

65
Q

using fantasy, play, and role experimentation to help clarify emerging self-concept

A

exploratory stage

66
Q

activities that clarify the personal importance of life decisions, events, and transitions

A

reflective exploration

67
Q

activities that increase self-awareness and accurately assess strengths, weaknesses, aptitudes, skills, and lifestyle issues

A

actual exploration

68
Q

the narrowing of interests that children experience

A

circumscription

69
Q

focuses on how we give meaning to our actions by creating stories

A

narrative theory

70
Q

helping clients become aware of what they value most

A

facilitating self-awareness

71
Q

discovering an occupation well-suited to satisfying personal needs

A

establishment stage

72
Q

activities that allow direct client involvement in career exploration

A

concrete exploration

Counselling Psychology (5 decks)

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