Unit:9&10 Civil War & Reconstruction Flashcards
Southern life
a rural, agricultural economy heavily reliant on slavery, shaping a unique social structure and culture distinct from the North.
Sectionalism
strong regional loyalties and identities, often at the expense of national unity, particularly evident in the 19th century as differences between the North and South intensified over issues like slavery, economy, and culture, ultimately contributing to the Civil War.
Compromise of 1850
a series of laws that aimed to resolve disagreements between free and slave states.
Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
mandated the return of escaped slaves to their owners, even in free states, and empowered federal officials to enforce it, sparking increased resistance from abolitionists and fueling the Underground Railroad.
Kansas-Nebraska Act
organized the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, repealed the Missouri Compromise, and allowed residents to decide on slavery through “popular sovereignty,” ultimately leading to violence and increased tensions over slavery, and the formation of the Republican Party.
Northern Life
the region of free states that opposed slavery and the Confederacy during the Civil War, characterized by its industrial economy, urbanization, and a strong abolitionist movement.
Lincoln’s 1st Inaugural Address
to claim that both the South and North had to share some of the blame for the sin of slavery. also hold the union together and prevent civil war, which he believed would leave the country open to attack from Britain and France.
Davis’s 1st Inagrual Address
justified secession, emphasizing the right of states to secede and the importance of the Confederacy’s distinct identity and agricultural economy.
General Grant
led the United States to victory over the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War.
North v south
culminating in the American Civil War (1861-1865) due to slavery, economic disparities, and political divisions, with the North eventually winning and abolishing slavery.
Antietam
September 17, 1862, and is considered the single bloodiest day in American military history, with nearly 23,000 casualties.
Gettysburg
The town’s name comes from Samuel Gettys, an early settler, and it’s most famous for the three-day Battle of Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863), a turning point in the war that resulted in a Union victory and the bloodiest battle of the conflict.
Gettysburg Address
which later became known as the Gettysburg Address, at the official dedication ceremony for the National Cemetery of Gettysburg in Pennsylvania, on the site of one of the bloodiest and most decisive battles of the Civil War.
Vicksburg
founded in 1819 and incorporated in 1825, is a city known for its strategic location on the Mississippi River and its pivotal role in the Civil War, particularly during the Siege of Vicksburg in 1863, which led to Union control of the river and a major turning point in the war.
Lincoln 2nd inagural Address
Abraham Lincoln delivered his Second Inaugural Address, a brief yet powerful speech reflecting on the Civil War’s causes and calling for healing and reconciliation.
Appomattox Court House
Appomattox Court House is the site where Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Union General Ulysses S. Grant on April 9, 1865, effectively ending the American Civil War.
After the war
post-war period, is marked by significant changes and challenges, including economic recovery, political shifts, and social transformations, as nations grapple with the aftermath of conflict.
Radical Republicans
Radicals” because of their goal of immediate, complete, and permanent eradication of slavery in the United States. The Radical faction also included, though, very strong currents of nativism, anti-Catholicism, and in favor of the prohibition of alcoholic beverages.
13th amdendment
abolished slavery and involuntary servitude in the United States.
14th amdendment
addresses citizenship, equal protection under the law, and due process, particularly for formerly enslaved people, and forms the basis for many landmark Supreme Court decisions.
Hiram Rhodes Revels
the first Black American to serve in the United States Senate. Revels advocated compromise and moderation. He vigorously supported racial equality and worked to reassure his fellow senators about the capability of African Americans.
15th amdendment
prohibits the denial of voting rights based on race, color, or previous servitude. It was ratified in 1870 as part of the Reconstruction Amendments.
Freedmen’s Bureau
a U.S. government agency that helped former slaves and impoverished whites after the Civil War. The bureau operated from 1865 to 1872.
Sharecropping
a system of tenant farming that allowed poor whites and freed Black people to work the land of white landowners in exchange for a share of the crop.
