unit 8- vocab

Question 1

define heritable

Answer 1

transmission from parent to offspring

Question 2

define trait

Answer 2

a characteristic of a person

Question 3

define gene

Answer 3

made up a DNA- passed from parent to offspring

Question 4

define allele

Answer 4

matching genes that code for the same trait (one from mother and one from father)

Question 5

define dominant

Answer 5

having primary control (capital letter)

Question 6

define recessive

Answer 6

a trait that is masked by a dominant trait, or only shown when it’s homozygous (lowercase letter)

Question 7

define punnett square

Answer 7

diagram used to predict the possible genotypes of offspring

Question 8

define monohybrid cross

Answer 8

crossing only one trait from each parent

Question 9

define dihybrid cross

Answer 9

crossing two of the same traits from each parent

Question 10

define genotype

Answer 10

the genetic material (letters that code for traits)

Question 11

define phenotype

Answer 11

physically observable traits

Question 12

define homozygous

Answer 12

the same versions of alleles

Question 13

define homozygous dominant

Answer 13

ex: AA

Question 14

define homozygous recessive

Answer 14

ex: aa

Question 15

define pure-breeding

Answer 15

organisms that are homozygous

Question 16

define heterozygous

Answer 16

having two DIFFERENT alleles for a trait ex: Aa

Question 17

define hybrid

Answer 17

offspring of parents that have different characteristics of a trait

Question 18

define mendelian inheritance

Answer 18

3 different patterns of how traits are passed from parents to offspring (discovered by Gregor Mendel)

Question 19

define codominance

Answer 19

when two alleles are expressed equally and are both dominant

Question 20

define incompetence dominance

Answer 20

when both alleles are only partially expressed so they blend to create a new phenotype

Question 21

define multiple alleles

Answer 21

an allele with more than two forms (ex: blood type A B and O)

Question 22

define sex-linked traits

Answer 22

genes that are only carried on the sex chromosomes

Question 23

define law of segregation

Answer 23

during cell division each allele has an equal and random chance of being selected and passed to the offspring

Question 24

define law of independent assortment

Answer 24

genes independently separate from each other when reproductive cells develop

Question 25

define law of dominance

Answer 25

when purebred parents are crossed together only one form of the trait appears in the next generation

Question 26

define karyotype

Answer 26

number of chromosomes in a cell or in a species

Question 27

define carrier

Answer 27

a person who can pass a genetic disease to their children but does not have the disease

Question 28

define sex chromosomes

Answer 28

a chromosome (X or Y) that determines the gender of an organism

Question 29

define autosomes

Answer 29

any chromosomes that aren’t sex chromosomes

Question 30

XX

Answer 30

female

Question 31

XY

Answer 31

male

Question 32

define X-linked traits

Answer 32

traits that are influenced by genes on the X chromosome

Question 33

define P1

Answer 33

parental generation

Question 34

define F1

Answer 34

offspring of P1

Question 35

define F2

Answer 35

offspring of F1