Unit 8 Test: Ancient Rome

Question 1

dictator

Answer 1

someone who has all the power

Question 2

constitution

Answer 2

a written set of laws

Question 3

republic

Answer 3

a government that uses representatives to make laws and decisions, was a constitution to protect the people

Question 4

patrician

Answer 4

upper class, wealthy citizens

Question 5

plebeian

Answer 5

everyone else that was free

Question 6

The Twelve Tables

Answer 6

Roman constitution- first laws put into writing, all citizens had equal treatment under the law

Question 7

The Senate

Answer 7

300 members, life term in office, traditionally patricians, controlled all the money and taxes

Question 8

The Tribune of the Plebs

Answer 8

10 members, life term in office, represented interests of plebians, could veto any actions by the senate or consuls.

Question 9

Julius Caeser

Answer 9

100-44 BCE, military general, first dictator, a part of the First Triumvirate

Question 10

First Triumvirate

Answer 10

voting pact between 2 consuls(Pompey, Crassus, Julius Caeser)

Question 11

Caesar Augustus

Answer 11

aka Octavian, First emperor of Rome from 23 BCE to 14 BCE, part of the second Triumvirate, created the Praetorian guard

Question 12

Second Triumvirate

Answer 12

military dictatorship with Octavian, Mark Antony, and Lepidus

Question 13

Pax Romana

Answer 13

translation: Roman Peace
- a game to simulate the fall of the Roman Republic, this game involves strategy and making/breaking alliances to win

Question 14

Praetorian Guard

Answer 14

an elite unit of bodyguards for the emperor

Question 15

Bread and Circuses

Answer 15

A system of feeding people and giving them entertainment to make their minds distracted from their discontent and keep them from revolting

Question 16

Byzantine Empire

Answer 16

An empire started in the middle of Constantinople and came from the Eastern half of the Roman empire.

Question 17

Constantinople

Answer 17

the capital of the Eastern part of the Roman empire; named after Emperor Constantine

Question 18

Edict of Milan

Answer 18

an edict made by Constantine to decriminalize Christianity

Question 19

Christianity

Answer 19

a monotheistic religion, believe that Jesus was a savior sent by god

Question 20

The Bible

Answer 20

Chrisitianity’s holy book

Question 21

Constantine

Answer 21

emperor of Rome, ruled from 306-337 BCE, divided the Roman empire into East and West, decriminalized Christianity in 313 CE with the Edict of Milan, established the Eastern capital Constantinople

Question 22

Similarities and Differences between U.S and Roman governments

Answer 22

Similarities:
A constitution that states laws and guarentees all citizens equal treatment under the law.
An executive branvg that runs the government, commands the armym and is elected by voting citizens
Differences:
Only men could vote in Rome
Citizens wore white togas in Rome
Tribune of the Plebs in Rome (10 Members)
-Could veto actions done by senate or consuls
In America, the supreme court (9 members) determines if laws are constitutional
In America, the executive branch serves 4 year terms

Question 23

Describe the reasons that the Roman Republic collapsed.

Answer 23

1) Expansion caused social & economic tensions
-Plebians forced to fight
-wars destroyed farmland
2) Shifting alliances

3) Generals started fighting each other

4*) Julius Caesar gets backstabbed(literally) and senators think their saving the republic, but are really destroying it.

Question 24

Describe how Pax Romana represents the downfall of the republic

Answer 24

Pax Romana represents the downfall of the Roman Republic because in this game generals have to fight each other to expand their territory and increase their power. In the Roman Republic this same thing happened, but this game doesn’t really focus on residents and the land they have, we just have to pretend plebians are fightins and the battles are destroying farmland. Also, in order to win this game, you must make alliances and eventually the alliances will shift like in the Roman Republic.

Question 25

Describe what it was like to be a gladiator

Answer 25

As a gladiator, you had to go to gladiator school. You were provided with good food, and good healthcare so you could be in top condition to battle and perform. If you were dominating an opponent really bad you would have to kill them. Sometimes as a gladiator you could make some money, on betting and other types of stuff.

Question 26

Timeline

Answer 26

1. Roman Republic Established
2. Twelve Tables make laws visible
3. Overexpansion causes shifting alliances+civil war
4. Julius Caesar is stabbed in the back
5. Octavian becomes first emperor
6. The Praetorian Guard is created
7. Vespasian builds the Colosseum
8. Constantine decriminalizes Christianity
9. Rome falls+ Constantinople lives on as capital of the Byzantine Empire

Question 27

Explain how wealth and/or social stus affected people in each of the following ways.

Answer 27

Government:
Patricians- usually made up the senate
Plebians- Tribune of the Plebs that represented the interests of plebians
Food and drink:
Plebians- cooked on small grills, mostly depended on Thermopolia(fast food). Ate chunks of fish, asparagus, fig for homemade dinners
Patricians- sometimes dines at Thermopolia in the daytime, they had elaborate dinners with appetizers such as mice cooked in honey and parrrots stuffed w/ dates
Women:
Able to own property, but needed a man to sell it. Most daughters names were a feminine form of their father’s name
Augustus taxed unmarried women and gave privileges to women with 3 or more kids,
Couldn’t vote or have a public life
Plebians- did not attend school when young, married in twenties
Patricians- went to school when young, married in teen years
Recreation:
Plebians and Patricians- relaxed in public pools, watched gladiator contests and chariot races(patricians sat closer that plebians did in colosseum
Patricians- enjoyed plays in theaters and musical performances in other’s homes.