Unit 3 Test Flashcards
nomadic
People that don’t stay in a permanent place and move around constantly.
The Nile River
Longest river in the world. Is in Eastern Africa. Flows south to north and created a long fertile river valley for fresh water and farming.
Canaan
The home of the Israelites.
monotheism
The belief in one god.
The Jordan River
Is in Western Asia and flows from the sea of Galilee to the Dead Sea sandwiched by the Negew desert to the West and Syrian Desert to the East. Created a narrow, grassy hilly river valley.
Judaism
The oldest monotheistic religion.
Abraham
A prophet who brought Judaism to his people.
Moses
Led the Israelites out of slavery, brought them back to Canaan, brought 10 commandments from god to the people.
Prophet
A messenger for god.
Jewish Diaspora
Scattering of jews out of their homeland; exiled.
exile
When you are banished from a place.
persecution
Ill-treatment of people based on religious or political beliefs.
Hatshepsut
Regent for underage son, then became pharaoh herself. Built obelisks to advertise herself and built the Deir-el Bahri temple for herself.
Valley of the Kings
A desert valley where pharaohs were put to rest below this valley to prevent tomb robbers.
The Holocaust
An extreme case of anti-semitism that happened in WWII
genocide
Systemic killing of a particular group of people.
golden age
A time of peace and prosperity
pharaoh
Highest social status in Egyptian Empires; rulers of the kingdoms.
vizier
The second highest power in Egyptian Empires; government officials
sarcophagus
A stone coffin Egyptians were put to rest in.
hieroglyphics
Pictures that represent sounds that were used by scribes.
ma’at
The balance your heart has to have to have in order to live a life after death and not be eaten by Ammut
Book of the Dead
A collection of spells which enable the soul of the deceased to navigate through the afterlife
Khufu
Old Kingdom pharaoh. Built the Great Pyramids of Giza.
King Taharqo
Napata Period. Added temples surrounding the Jebel Barkal. Ruled over Eqypt and Kush.
Jebel Barkal
Mountain south of Napata where they believe life started.
Queen Amanirenas
Created a peace treaty with Rome. One-eyed(Lost eye in battle) queen who fought off roman invasion.
kandake
Female rulers which were common in the Meroe period of the Kush empire.
How has Anti-Semitism evolved over time.
In Ancient Babylon, Greece, and Rome, Jews were criticized and persecuted for their efforts to remain a separate cultural group rather than following those empires religion. In 63 BCE Romans conquered Jerusalem. In 70 CE Romans destroyed the center of Jewish life. In 130 CE Romans attacked Jerusalem and exiled Jews from Canaan.
Describe the Egyptian Gods.
Atum: Creator god; sun god; created the universe; aka Ra. Popular creator god during Old Kingdom. Falcon head with sun disc.
Amun-Ra: Creator god; sun and air god; created the universe; merged with Ra. Popular creator god during new kingdom. Bearded man sometimes with two vertical “plumes”, sometimes a ram’s head.
Anubis: Protector of the dead. God of funerals; protector in afterlife. Jackal head.
Horus: Sky god; protector of pharaohs. Pharaoh= living Horus. Falcon head and holds ankh(symbol of eternal life)
Isis: Goddess of funeral rites. Mom of Horus, wife of Osiris, sister of Seth and Nephthys. Tine white throne on head
Osiris: God of earth, death, and resurrection. Dad of Horus, husband of Isis. Holds crook and flail of kingship; white crown; skin is blue(represents death), black(represents earth), green(represents resurrection)
Thoth: God of writing and knowledge. Recorded the deeds of the dead. Ibis head.
Seth: God of war, chaos, and storms. Husband of Nephthys, brother of Osiris and Isis, dad of Anubis.
Ma’at: Goddess of truth, justice and order. Daughter of Amun or Atum. Depicted as an ostrich feather, hangs out with Thoth.
Ammut: “The devourer”. Demon that eats dead if they were bad. Croc face, lion front half, hippo back half.
Four Cardinal Directions and sons of Hourus
Hapi: Represents north; Depicted with a baboon head; Guards lungs.
Imsety: Represents south; depicted with a human head; guards liver.
Duamutef: Represents east; depicted with a jackal head; guards stomach.
Qebehsenuef: Represents west; depicted with a falcon head; guards the intestines.
Describe the two Egyptian Kingdoms
Old Kingdom- The age of the pyramids
New kingdom- Golden age, increased trade
Describe the roles of the different social classes in ancient Egypt
Pharaoh- Ruler
Vizier- Government officials
Priests- In charge of mummification process and religion.
Scribes- Recorded tax collection; wrote what needed to be written
Artesans- Skilled laborers.
Peasants- Farmers
What are the major natural resources of Kush
Gold, Timber, and Iron.
Describe the three Kushite periods
Kerma- United all of Sudan, absorbed by New Kingdom of Egypt around the time of Hatshepsut.
Napata- Taharqo rules over two kingdoms; golden age; conquered Egypt; tried to conquer Assyrians
Meroe- Center of Iron trade in Africa and the dominance of female rulers called kandakes
Describe the relationship between Egypt and Kush. What did they borrow and adopt from each other?
On and off relationship. The Kushites adopted the Egyptian pyramids, the god Amun-Ra, and hieroglyphs. They traded goods.
All Egyptians shared what cultural belief?
Everyone goes to the afterlife, but you have to live a life of ma’at to live a life after death and not be eaten by Ammut.
