Unit 8 - protests and signifcant individuals Flashcards
What social and environmental movements challenge systemic injustice?
Black Lives Matter (BLM) and Chipko Movement
BLM addresses racial inequality and police brutality, while Chipko focuses on environmental protection and indigenous rights.
When was Black Lives Matter (BLM) established?
2013
Established after the acquittal of George Zimmerman for killing Trayvon Martin.
What key events intensified BLM protests?
Deaths of Michael Brown, Eric Garner, and George Floyd
These events gained global attention and fueled protests.
What are the main causes of Black Lives Matter (BLM)?
- Systemic racism
- Wealth disparity
- Police violence
These issues have mobilized younger generations.
What hashtag emerged in 2013 as part of BLM?
BlackLivesMatter
Who founded Black Lives Matter?
Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, and Opal Tometi
What impact did BLM have on national discussions?
Sparked discussions on police reform and systemic racism
Limited policy changes at the national level in the U.S.
What is the legacy of Black Lives Matter?
Raised global awareness about racial inequality
Mixed public perception and ongoing systemic challenges.
When did the Chipko Movement begin?
1970s
What was the main focus of the Chipko Movement?
Environmental protection and opposition to deforestation
What are the main causes of the Chipko Movement?
- Environmental degradation
- Disrupted livelihoods
Particularly affected communities, especially women.
What key event occurred in 1973 during the Chipko Movement?
Villagers hugged trees to prevent logging
Who became the symbolic leader of the Chipko Movement?
Sunderlal Bahuguna
What significant policies did the Chipko Movement influence?
Forest Conservation Act (1980)
Highlighted the role of women in environmental activism.
What was the main difference in the scope of BLM and Chipko?
BLM: Global movement; Chipko: Localized movement
BLM focuses on racial injustice, while Chipko focuses on environmental conservation.
What methods did BLM utilize for activism?
Decentralized leadership and large-scale protests
What methods did the Chipko Movement utilize?
Community-led, nonviolent direct action
What did Martin Luther King Jr. advocate for?
Nonviolent resistance
Inspired by Mahatma Gandhi.
What significant event did Martin Luther King Jr. lead in 1955?
Montgomery Bus Boycott
What was the iconic speech delivered by Martin Luther King Jr.?
I Have a Dream
What major legislation did Martin Luther King Jr. help pass?
- Civil Rights Act (1964)
- Voting Rights Act (1965)
What was the legacy of Martin Luther King Jr.?
Symbol of peaceful protest and racial equality
Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.
What was Raja Ram Mohan Roy known for?
Father of the Indian Renaissance
What significant social reform did Raja Ram Mohan Roy advocate for?
Abolition of Sati (1829)
What movement did Raja Ram Mohan Roy co-found?
Brahmo Samaj (1828)
What was the focus of Raja Ram Mohan Roy’s reforms?
Women’s rights and education reform
What legacy did Raja Ram Mohan Roy leave?
Laid groundwork for future reform movements in India
What common theme do Martin Luther King Jr. and Raja Ram Mohan Roy share?
Driving significant social change
True or False: Both BLM and Chipko have achieved significant policy reforms.
False
BLM raised awareness but had limited reforms; Chipko achieved clear policy changes.
What was the primary goal of the Suffragette Movement?
To secure voting rights for women through direct action
The Suffragette Movement was a militant wing of the broader women’s suffrage movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, primarily in the United Kingdom.
Who led the Suffragette Movement?
Emmeline Pankhurst
Emmeline Pankhurst founded the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU) in 1903.
What phrase encapsulated the suffragettes’ belief in their tactics?
“Deeds, not words”
This phrase highlighted their belief that militant tactics were necessary to force political change.
Name one violent tactic used by the suffragettes.
Property Damage and Arson
Actions included smashing windows, setting fire to postboxes, and bombing unoccupied buildings.
What significant event occurred on Black Friday (1910)?
A violent clash between police and suffragettes outside Parliament
This event resulted in multiple injuries and accusations of police brutality.
What was the purpose of the Cat and Mouse Act (1913)?
To release and re-arrest hunger strikers once they recovered
This act was introduced in response to suffragettes going on hunger strikes in prison.
What happened to Emily Davison in 1913?
She ran in front of King George V’s horse at the Epsom Derby and was trampled
Her act is debated as either a suicide protest or an attempt to place a suffragette flag on the horse.
How did the violent tactics of the suffragettes impact public perception?
They gained media attention but also alienated some supporters
Some supporters preferred peaceful campaigning.
What legislation granted voting rights to women over 30 in 1918?
The Representation of the People Act
This act granted voting rights to women who met property qualifications.
What year did full suffrage for all women over 21 get achieved?
1928
This marked a significant milestone in women’s voting rights.
True or False: The outbreak of World War I led to an increase in militant actions by suffragettes.
False
The outbreak of World War I led to a pause in militant actions.
Fill in the blank: The suffragettes used _______ and civil disobedience as part of their tactics.
violence
This remains a debated topic regarding its necessity for progress.
