Unit 8 People Guide

Question 1

Mary Ainsworth

Answer 1

studied secure and insecure attachment in child development

Question 2

Albert Bandura

Answer 2

• Bobo Doll experiment (observational learning) taught that aggressive behavior can be learned observationally by children
• Principles of observational learning can be applied to how children develop their gender identity and social learning theory
• even chance events can have lasting significance

Question 3

Diane Baumrind

Answer 3

• studied parenting styles (authoritarian, authoritative, permissive) to conclude the three styles, respectively, “too hard, just right, and too soft”

Question 4

Erik Erikson

Answer 4

Believed psychosocial development occurred in 8 stages throughout all of life (basic trust: developed as a child, autonomy, initiative, competence, identity: developed by testing and integrating various roles as an adolescent, intimacy, generatively, integrity)

Question 5

Carol Gilligan

Answer 5

• studied gender and social connectedness to find Western Individualist men struggle to form a separate, independent idea as opposed to their relationship-oriented female counterparts

Question 6

Harry Harlow

Answer 6

• said no one cares about monkeys…..so he abused tf outta them
• tested attachment using monkeys by providing two mothers… one comfortable cloth Mom and one nourishing, but uncomfortable one
• monkeys prefer the comfy mom even while feeding from the nourishing one

Question 7

Lawrence Kohlberg

Answer 7

• studied moral development (preconventional morality, conventional morality, postconventional morality)
• presents moral dilemmas and doesn’t care what you do but WHY you do it

Question 8

Konrad Lorenz

Answer 8

• studied imprinting, the process by which animals form strong attachments during an early life critical period

Question 9

Lev Vygotsky

Answer 9

• Russian developmental psychologist focused on what a child can and cannot do, and focused on language

Question 10

Jean Piaget

Answer 10

• developed stages of childhood development (sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational)
• intrigued by children’s wrong answers and struggle to make sense of our experiences