unit 8 motivation

Question 1

why is it important to motivate a worker?

Answer 1

because a motivated worker means more and better work getting done, which leads to more efficiency and more profit

Question 2

which are the four motivation theories?

Answer 2

Taylor’s theory (1880), Maslow’s theory (1950), Herzberg’s theory (1956) and Mc Gregory’s theory (1960)

Question 3

what does Taylor’s theory say?

Answer 3

it says that the only thing that motivates people is money, so the line of production should be divided and the amount of money should depend on the output (+output = +money)

Question 4

what does Maslow’s theory say?

Answer 4

it says that there are more things to motivate workers than money

Question 5

which are the steps on Maslow’s pyramid?

Answer 5

1. Physiological needs (food/clothes/shelter)
2. Safety needs (job security)
3. Social needs (sense of belonging)
4. Esteem needs (bosses recognise the worker’s achievements)
5. Self-actualization (promotion)

Question 6

what do the different steps mean in Maslow’s pyramid?

Answer 6

they show the different ways that you can motivate a worker and in which order you need to cover their needs to keep them motivated

Question 7

what does Herzberg’s theory say?

Answer 7

it says that there are only two motivators: hygene motivators (which are steps 1 to 3 of Maslow’s theory) and other motivators which are steps 4 and 5, but he counts it as one

Question 8

what does McGregor’s theory say?

Answer 8

it divides managers into two grouos: theory x and theory y

Question 9

what does McGregor’s theory x say?

Answer 9

it says that peple don’t want to work so they need pressure to work. people don’t want responsibilities and have no ambitions, so they are only motivated with money

Question 10

what does McGregor’s theory y say?

Answer 10

it says that people think working is something natural so there is no need for control. people seek responsibilities and look for self-actualization, so motivation should be through Maslow or Hezberg’s theories

Question 11

what are the two motivating factors?

Answer 11

Financial rewards and non-financial rewards

Question 12

what are the types of financial rewards?

Answer 12

salaries, wages, bonuses, commissions, performance-related pay and share-profit

Question 13

what is a salary?

Answer 13

a salary is a fixed payment for work once a month in which overtime is included and the money is deposited directly into their bank account

Question 14

what is a wage?

Answer 14

a wage is a payment for work, usually paid weekly. It can be calculated either by time-rate, which is the amount paid to an employee for one hour of work, or by piece-rate, which means more production equals more money

Question 15

what are the advantages of paying wages by piece-rate?

Answer 15

-workers are willing to work more
-faster production

Question 16

what are the disadvantages of paying wages by piece-rate?

Answer 16

-low quality products
-if machinery breaks down no money is earned

Question 17

what are the deductions that can be taken out of your salary or wages?

Answer 17

pension, health care and trade union fee if the worker is part of one

Question 18

what is a bonus?

Answer 18

a bonus is an additional amount of payment above basic pay as a reward for good work

Question 19

what is a commission?

Answer 19

a commission is a payment related to the number of sales made, it os a percentage of the sales or money collected from them`

Question 20

what is performance-related pay?

Answer 20

a performance-related pay is money for your good work during a specific month

Question 21

what is share-profit?

Answer 21

share profit is when the company has had a geat term and decides to share part of the profit made to the workers as a little extra

Question 22

what are non-financial rewards?

Answer 22

benefits you get because you work for that specific company (cars, cell phones, paid education, holiday places, etc)

Question 23

which are the ways to achieve job satisfaction?

Answer 23

through job enlargement, job enrichment, job rotation or team work

Question 24

what is meant by “job enlargement”?

Answer 24

it is when a worker is given more work but with the same levek of responsibility

Question 25

what is meant by “job enrichment?

Answer 25

it is when the worker is given more work with more responsibility

Question 26

what is meant by “job rotation”?

Answer 26

it is when the workers are swaped in the line of production

Question 27

why is team work a way to achieve job satisfaction?

Answer 27

because the worker will feel better as they are surrounded with people, they will feel less alone at work

Question 28

what are the characteristics of a leader?

Answer 28

a leader should be organized, sympathetic, confident and have the ability to motivate others

Question 29

what are the three types of leader?

Answer 29

autocratic leader, laissez-faire and democratic leader

Question 30

what are the characteristics of an autocratic leader?

Answer 30

an autocratic leader is one who gives orders all the time and the workers must follow. communication is downwards and single-way

Question 31

what are the characteristics of a laissez-faire?

Answer 31

the leader tells the workers their objective and leaves them alone to do what they want. the role of the manager is blurred

Question 32

what are the caracteristics of a democratic leader?

Answer 32

a democratic leader gives orders when necessary but also listens to the worker’s opinions, communication is two-way