unit 8 motivation Flashcards
why is it important to motivate a worker?
because a motivated worker means more and better work getting done, which leads to more efficiency and more profit
which are the four motivation theories?
Taylor’s theory (1880), Maslow’s theory (1950), Herzberg’s theory (1956) and Mc Gregory’s theory (1960)
what does Taylor’s theory say?
it says that the only thing that motivates people is money, so the line of production should be divided and the amount of money should depend on the output (+output = +money)
what does Maslow’s theory say?
it says that there are more things to motivate workers than money
which are the steps on Maslow’s pyramid?
- Physiological needs (food/clothes/shelter)
- Safety needs (job security)
- Social needs (sense of belonging)
- Esteem needs (bosses recognise the worker’s achievements)
- Self-actualization (promotion)
what do the different steps mean in Maslow’s pyramid?
they show the different ways that you can motivate a worker and in which order you need to cover their needs to keep them motivated
what does Herzberg’s theory say?
it says that there are only two motivators: hygene motivators (which are steps 1 to 3 of Maslow’s theory) and other motivators which are steps 4 and 5, but he counts it as one
what does McGregor’s theory say?
it divides managers into two grouos: theory x and theory y
what does McGregor’s theory x say?
it says that peple don’t want to work so they need pressure to work. people don’t want responsibilities and have no ambitions, so they are only motivated with money
what does McGregor’s theory y say?
it says that people think working is something natural so there is no need for control. people seek responsibilities and look for self-actualization, so motivation should be through Maslow or Hezberg’s theories
what are the two motivating factors?
Financial rewards and non-financial rewards
what are the types of financial rewards?
salaries, wages, bonuses, commissions, performance-related pay and share-profit
what is a salary?
a salary is a fixed payment for work once a month in which overtime is included and the money is deposited directly into their bank account
what is a wage?
a wage is a payment for work, usually paid weekly. It can be calculated either by time-rate, which is the amount paid to an employee for one hour of work, or by piece-rate, which means more production equals more money
what are the advantages of paying wages by piece-rate?
-workers are willing to work more
-faster production
what are the disadvantages of paying wages by piece-rate?
-low quality products
-if machinery breaks down no money is earned
what are the deductions that can be taken out of your salary or wages?
pension, health care and trade union fee if the worker is part of one
what is a bonus?
a bonus is an additional amount of payment above basic pay as a reward for good work
what is a commission?
a commission is a payment related to the number of sales made, it os a percentage of the sales or money collected from them`
what is performance-related pay?
a performance-related pay is money for your good work during a specific month
what is share-profit?
share profit is when the company has had a geat term and decides to share part of the profit made to the workers as a little extra
what are non-financial rewards?
benefits you get because you work for that specific company (cars, cell phones, paid education, holiday places, etc)
which are the ways to achieve job satisfaction?
through job enlargement, job enrichment, job rotation or team work
what is meant by “job enlargement”?
it is when a worker is given more work but with the same levek of responsibility
what is meant by “job enrichment?
it is when the worker is given more work with more responsibility
what is meant by “job rotation”?
it is when the workers are swaped in the line of production
why is team work a way to achieve job satisfaction?
because the worker will feel better as they are surrounded with people, they will feel less alone at work
what are the characteristics of a leader?
a leader should be organized, sympathetic, confident and have the ability to motivate others
what are the three types of leader?
autocratic leader, laissez-faire and democratic leader
what are the characteristics of an autocratic leader?
an autocratic leader is one who gives orders all the time and the workers must follow. communication is downwards and single-way
what are the characteristics of a laissez-faire?
the leader tells the workers their objective and leaves them alone to do what they want. the role of the manager is blurred
what are the caracteristics of a democratic leader?
a democratic leader gives orders when necessary but also listens to the worker’s opinions, communication is two-way
