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GCSE - Computer Science > Unit 8 - Logic✔️ > Flashcards

Unit 8 - Logic✔️ Flashcards

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1
Q

define data validation?

A

is an automatic check to ensure that data entered is sensible and feasible however it can not ensure data is accurate but only check the data entered is reasonable

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2
Q

why is data validation important when programming?

A

stops unexpected or abnormal data from crashing your program

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3
Q

define what a range check does?

A

Checks the data falls between an acceptable upper and lower value, within a set range

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4
Q

define what a type check does?

A

Checks that the data entered is of an expected type, e.g. text or a number

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5
Q

define what a length check does?

A

Checks the number of characters meets expectations, e.g. an 8 character password

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6
Q

define what a presence check does?

A

Checks that the user has at least inputted something, stopping them from accidentally entering nothing

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7
Q

define what a format check is?

A

An extra digit added to a number which is calculated from the other digits, this ensures the rest of the number has been entered properly

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8
Q

define data verification?

A

is used to double-check that the data has been typed in correctly eg a user setting a new password may be asked to enter it twice

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9
Q

what are authentication routine used for?

A

used to make sure a person is who they claim to be eg being asked to enter a User ID

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10
Q

why do programs need to be maintained?

A

-improve the code
-fix bugs and add new features

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11
Q

how can programs be written so that they can be easily maintained?

A

-commenting
-indentation
-use of sub programs (functions and procedures)
-using appropriate naming conventions

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12
Q

what is the point of indentatin?

A

makes it possible to easily see which lines of the code are part of different structures

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13
Q

what is the point of commenting in your code?

A

-helps other programmers to understand your code
-helps with difficult to understand parts
-at the start of functions to explain what it does

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14
Q

what should naming conventions be?

A

it is important to use meaningful names for variable ,functions and procedure so they are easy to understand

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15
Q

Example of high-level programming language?

A

Python, Visual Basic, C#, Java, C++

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16
Q

Example of Markup languages?

A

HTML, XML

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17
Q

Example of a Low-level Programming languages?

A

Assembly language

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18
Q

Example of query language?

A

SQL

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19
Q

What is machine code?

A

In first computers,all programs were written in machine code - instructions were written in binary (101011001001) - each instruction did one very small task but writting programs was difficult and time -consuming

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20
Q

Features of assembly language?

A

• Assembly language is processor-specific
• It has to be translated into machine code before it can be executed
• As each instruction corresponds directly to a machine code instruction, it is known as a low-level language

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21
Q

What are high-level languages?

A

•High-level languages generally have statements that look a bit like English or Maths

• This makes these languages easier to learn and understand easy to learn
and understand

22
Q

Features of high-level languages?

A

• High-level languages also have data structures such as arrays and records

• Many high-level languages have been especially designed to make it as easy as possible to write programs to solve certain types of problem

• The translation is done by a program which may be either a compiler or an interpreter

23
Q

What is assembly language (low-level language)?

A

•Assembly language allows a programmer to create programs more easily then writing in machine code

• Each assembly language instruction maps directly to machine code

24
Q

How is the source code translated into machine code?

A

• A compiler or interpreter is used to translate the source code (written by the programmer) into object code (machine code) for that processor

25
Q

Advantages of high-level languages?

A

• A high-level language is easier to learn
• Programs can be written faster in a high-level language
• It is easier to understand and debug a high-level language

26
Q

Advantages of low level languages?

A

• A program written in a low-level language can run very quickly
• The code will usually require less RAM
• Statements in a low-level language can be used to control and manipulate specific hardware components
As a results this language is often used for programs such as device drivers

27
Q

Features of a interpreter?

A

• Unlike a compiler, no object code is produced
• It translates each line of code and executes it immediately
• If it reaches a line with a syntax error, it stops and displays an error message

28
Q

Features of a compiler?

A

•compiler translates a high-level language into object code(machine code)
• The code written by the programmer is called the source code
• The code produced by the compiler is called the object code
• The object code can be saved a storage drive and run whenever required

29
Q

Why are device drivers often written in low level language (assembly code)?

A

Because low-level language can run very quickly and the code will usually require less ram and statements in low-level language can be used to control and manipulate specific hardware components

30
Q

Order of high and low level languages?

A

High level language (eg java)→ low level language (for example assembly language) → machine code → harware

31
Q

Define what a syntax error is?

A

• A syntax error is one where the code written doesn’t conform to the rules of the language and the compiler doesnt know how to translate the profram into machine code - the program can not be run until all the syntax error are fixed

32
Q

What are logical errors?

A

• The program will run, but it won’t work as the programmer intended

33
Q

What will a test plan normaly test for? And why?

A

• Normal data
• Boundary data
• Invalid data
• Erroneous data

It is important that programs are fully tested to find logical errors

34
Q

What are trace tables?

A

A trace table is useful for tracing through a program in order to find a logic error
• The value of each variable is recorded as it change

35
Q

3 uses of trace tables?

A

• Determining the purpose of an algorithm
• Finding the output of an algorithm
• Finding errors in an algorithm

36
Q

Define iterative testing?

A

tests modules and parts of a program as the program is developed - the programmer will usually test the code with knowledge of how it works

37
Q

Define final testing?

A

• Final testing (also known as terminal testing) tests the whole program at the end of production - the end user wont necessarily know how it works

38
Q

3 examples of a syntax error?

A

print(“hello)
14 = age
remainder = 10 MD 3

39
Q

Name four types of test data?

A

Normal, boundary, invalid, erroneous

40
Q

What is a truth table?

A

Truth table shows the output from all possible combinations of inputs from a boolean expression (eg AND,OR and NOT)

41
Q

What does the AND logic gate do?

A

Both inputs must be true for outputs to be true (eg if inputs are 0 , 0 ouput is 0 but if inputs are 1, 0 ouput is 1) - if both inputs are 1 than the ouput is 1 otherwise the ouput is 0

42
Q

What does the OR logic gate do?

A

At least one input must be true for output to be true (eg if inputs are 1 , 0 output will be 1 but if input is 0 , 0 ouput is 0) - if either input is 1 then the output is 1

43
Q

What does the NOT logic gate do?

A

The output is opposite to the input (if the input is 1 the output is 0)

44
Q

What are IDEs?

A

Intergrated development enviorments - They have a number of tools and features that help programmers when they are programming

45
Q

example of some common IDEs?

A

-Visual studio
-IDLE

46
Q

What are 4 common features of IDEs?

A

-line numbers
-breakpoints
-code folding
-variable watching

47
Q

Why are line numbers useful?

A

• Line numbers allow a programmer to clearly see each new line of code
• When errors are found, the line number that they occur on will also be stat
• parts of the code that do not need to be seen can be folded

48
Q

Why is syntax highlighting useful?

A

• Syntax highlighting is where the colour of the text changes to show different parts of the program
• important keywords,strings and variables are diffrent colours - makes it easier for the programmer to identify them

49
Q

What is error dignostics and how is it helpful?

A

• Error diagnostics help a programmer to find where they have made a mistake
• Error are identified along with the line number they occur on
• code may also be underlined or highlighted to show the error

50
Q

What is the use of the run-time enviorment?

A

The run-time environment allows a programmer to test their program while it is running - if the program crashes the run-time enviorment can see what happened and give useful information to the programmer

51
Q

What are error diagnostics?

A

Comments from the IDE that help in finding the cause of syntax errors

52
Q

Why are breakpoints set by programmers?

A

Set so that the IDE stops the program mid-way through running

GCSE - Computer Science (10 decks)

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