Unit 8 - HFN, NMT, Feeding

Question 1

What is NPO?

Answer 1

Nothing per oral

Can not have anything to eat or drink! Sips of water for meds only

Question 2

What is DAT?

Answer 2

Diet as tolerated

May start with pureed food, and graduate to mashed food

Question 3

What is a regular diet?

Answer 3

One with no restrictions and then can eat anything.

Question 4

What are classified as full fluids??

Answer 4

Dairy, all fruit juices, pureed vegetables and refined cereals. Thickend fluids

Question 5

What are clear fluids?

Answer 5

Fluids that you can see through a glass, water, juice, tea

Note: If you put a paper behind the glass… if you are still able to read it then it is a clear fluid.

Question 6

What is a soft diet?

Answer 6

Low residue, pureed, mechanical soft.

Question 7

Considerations for assisting with nutrition of client.

Answer 7

Stimulate appetite
have equipment avail (table, shirt saver, utensils)
Have patient sit upright (no hyperextend neck)
provide adequate time to eat

Question 8

What are some aspiration precautions?

Answer 8

observe for Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
offer small bites (if stroke pt, use unaffected side and check for cheek pocketing)
provide cueing.
observe for fatigue
Pt should remain upright for at least 20-30 mins

Question 9

What is the function of your head and face?

Answer 9

Protect, support and stabilize the brain
house delicate organs
entrance to the digestive and respiratory system.
cranial and facial bones serve attachment for muscles to move our head and help us chew food

Question 10

What are the structures of the neck?

Answer 10

Muscles
Sternomastoid, Trapezius
Anterior and posterior “triangles”

Thyroid - metabolism

Question 11

What is the name and order of the Lymph nodes?

Answer 11

Preauricular
Posterior auricular (mastoid)
Occipital
Submental 
Submandibular
Tonsillar (Jugulodigastric)
Superficial cervical
Deep cervical (chain)
Posterior cervical
Supraclavicular

Question 12

What is lymphatic drainage?

Answer 12

A separate vessel system
Manages interstitial fluid
Part of the immune system
(Absorbs fat from the gut)

Lymphatics run parallel to the venous system, picks up the extra fluids and brings back to heart

Question 13

What is some subjective date to collect for the head face neck assessment?

Answer 13

Unusual headaches, head injury (LOC?)
Dizziness, Neck pain or limited ROM
Lumps or swelling in lymph nodes or salivary glands?
History of surgery?
Are these new? how do they affect your ADL’s?

Question 14

What are we inspecting on the Head, face, and neck?

Answer 14

Size, shape, facial structures, symmetry, ROM

Question 15

Where should the trachea lie?

Answer 15

Midline, if it is shifted or tugging there may be an issue with the heart.

Question 16

What is something we may notice on inspection of an infants head?

Answer 16

Fontanels - Spaces where the skull hasn’t formed yet, make sure not concave as that will indicate dehydration.

Question 17

At which age is the lymphatics most active?

Answer 17

Children, atrophy’s after puberty.

Question 18

If you were to auscultate the thyroid, what are you listening for?

Answer 18

Bruit

Question 19

What are the external nose structures?

Answer 19

Bridge, tip, nares, Ala, vestibule

Question 20

What are the internal nose structures?

Answer 20

Olfactory region, Superior, Middle and Inferior turbinates, meatus, septum

Question 21

What are the paranasal sinuses?

Answer 21

Frontal
ethmoid
sphenoid
maxillary

Question 22

What is the purpose of the nose?

Answer 22

First part of the respiratory system
Warms, moistens and filters air
sense of smell
Sound productions and mucus productions

Question 23

What are the 3 salivary glands?

Answer 23

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

Question 24

What is the function of the mouth?

Answer 24

First part of the digestive system (and airway)
formation of speech
sense of taste

Question 25

What are the 3 parts of the pharynx (throat)

Answer 25

Nasopharynx
Tonsils
Oropharynx

Question 26

What is some subjective data to collect about the nose?

Answer 26

Any discharge? Colds, pain, trauma, allergies, altered smell?

Question 27

What is Epistaxis?

Answer 27

Nose bleed

Question 28

what is some subjective data to collect about the mouth and throat?

Answer 28

Any sores, sore throat, bleeding gums, toothaches
hoarseness, altered taste, smoking (how long and how many a day?)
Oral care?

Question 29

What do you inspect in the mouth and throat?

Answer 29

Lips, teeth/gums, tongue, cheeks (mucosa), hard and soft palate, uvual
Tonsils