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Nursing 202 Post Midterm > Unit 7 - MSK and Mobility > Flashcards

Unit 7 - MSK and Mobility Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some of the structures in the Musculoskeletal system?

A

Muscles, bones, joints (Cartilage, tensions, ligaments, and bursae)

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2
Q

What is the fiction of the MSK System?

A

To provide shape and movement
Protect vital organs
stores calcium and phosphorus
Produces RBC’s (from bone marrow)

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3
Q

What is Cartilage?

A

Dense connective tissues

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4
Q

What are the 3 types of Cartilage?

A

Hyaline - Most abundant (In our nose, trachea)
Fibrous - dense and strong (in our spine)
Elastic - pliable and resilient (in our ear)

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5
Q

What is Tendons?

A

Very strong, connects bone to muscle

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6
Q

What are ligaments

A

Connect bone to bone

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7
Q

What is Bursae?

A

A fluid filled sac found in joints.

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8
Q

What structure is compose of large, long cells that are capable of many movements?

A

Muscles - Muscle fibers have a series of smaller fibres

Muscles are strong due to the width and not it’s length.
Length has to do with its ability to move.

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9
Q

What is a master muscle?

A

Cheek

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10
Q

What is the Sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

Neck

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11
Q

What is the trapezius muscle?

A

Back neck

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12
Q

What is the Deltoid muscle?

A

Shoulder

IM Injections administrations are in this site.

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13
Q

What is the Pectoralis major?

A

Chest muscle

Note: Underneath this is the pectorals minor but we only can palpate the major

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14
Q

What is the Triceps brachii muscle?

A

Posterior arm

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15
Q

what are biceps brachii?

A

anterior arm

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16
Q

what is the rectus abdominus?

A

Abdomen

17
Q

What is the Latissimus dorsi?

A

Mid back muscles

Also Swimmers muscles

18
Q

What is the gluteus Maximus?

A

buttocks

19
Q

What is the Quadricepts femoris?

A

Anterior Thigh

Also part of
Vastus Intermedius (High thigh)
Vastus Lateralis (another IM injection site) - lateral
Vastus Medials - medial thigh

20
Q

What is the Biceps femoris?

A

Posteror thigh

21
Q

What is the Gastrocnemius?

A

Calf muscle.

22
Q

What are some classifications of bones?

A 
Long - femur
Short - carpals
Flat - skill
Irregular - vertebra
Sesamoid - patella

Note: Long bones have slight curved in order to sustain weight that it impacts.

23
Q

What are nonsynovial joints?

A

immovable or slightly movable.
surfaces of bones are bound closely (Skull sutures)
Cartilage connects one bone to another (spine vertebra)

24
Q

What are synovial joints?

A

Freely movable joints. Use of fluid to nourish the middle of the joint that protects the hyline cartilage.

(Synovial cavity, fluid, cartilage, capsular ligament)

25
Q

What are some types of joints?

A 
Planar - wrists
Hinge - knee, elbow, ankle
Pivot - C1 and C2 
Condyloid - wrist 
Saddle - thumb 
Ball and socket - shoulder and hip
26
Q

What is the only movable bone in our skull?

A

Mandible

Which uses the Temporomandiubular joint

27
Q

What are some subjective questions to ask for MSK?

A

Joint pain, stiffness, trouble moving?
Muscle cramps or weakness?
Bone pain or fractures?
how does this affect ADLs?

28
Q

What are you looking on inspections for MSK assessments?

A

Colour, Size, Contour, Edema, Deformity

29
Q

What are you palpating for in MSK assessments/

A

Any tenderness edema, crepitations, swelling of bursae

30
Q

What are some ways to test muscle strengths?

A

Resistance, Flexion, Extensions, Hyperextensions.. etc

31
Q

What is active ROM?

A

The patient is able to perform rom independently

32
Q

what is passive ROM?

A

Patient is unable to preform independently so we assist in testing the ROM

33
Q

Ambulation is essential to a patients well being. What may be some consequences that may occur in the body systems if unable to ambulate?

A

MSK, Cardiovascular, Respiratory, GI, Integumentary, Psychosocial, many many many so walk walk walk!

34
Q

What are some effects of immobility on the MSK system?

A

Stiffness and pain in the joints
Decrease in muscle mass
Contractures (Muscle shortening and unable to move joint any longer)

35
Q

What are some effects of immobility on the cardiovascular and respiratory system?

A 
Increased work heartload, Venous Vasodilation (edema) 
Thrombus formations (clots) , pooling of secretions in lungs that may lead to pneumonia
36
Q

What are some points to be aware of when you are considering transferring a patient?

A

Use pain relief before moving a patient for their comfort, Gather assistant devices if needed, plan around patients needs, watch for IV’s catheters, O2 tubing. Be alert to effects of medication (may cause them to be drowsy)

37
Q

What are some assistive devices that can be uses?

A

Canes, walkers, crutches

Least assistance necessary by selecting device that will benefit them most. (do not give crutches when cane can do)

Nursing 202 Post Midterm (6 decks)

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