Unit 8: Exchange and Transport in Animals Flashcards
What process occurs in the alveoli?
Oxygen diffuses into blood; carbon dioxide diffuses out.
This process is essential for respiration and maintaining oxygen levels in the blood.
List the adaptations of alveoli that facilitate gas exchange.
- Large surface area
- Thin walls for short diffusion distance
- Moist surface to dissolve gases
- Rich blood supply for concentration gradient
These adaptations enhance the efficiency of gas exchange in the lungs.
What are the four chambers of the heart?
- Right atrium
- Right ventricle
- Left atrium
- Left ventricle
The structure of the heart allows for efficient circulation of blood.
What is the primary function of arteries?
Carry blood away from heart.
Arteries have thick walls to withstand high pressure.
What is the primary function of veins?
Carry blood to heart.
Veins have valves to prevent backflow of blood.
What is the function of capillaries?
Thin-walled for exchange of substances.
Capillaries connect arteries and veins, facilitating nutrient and gas exchange.
What is meant by double circulation?
Blood passes through the heart twice per cycle.
This system ensures efficient oxygenation of blood.
What role does amylase play in digestion?
Breaks starch into glucose.
Amylase is an enzyme that initiates carbohydrate digestion.
What role does protease play in digestion?
Breaks proteins into amino acids.
Protease is essential for protein digestion and absorption.
What role does lipase play in digestion?
Breaks fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
Lipase is crucial for the digestion of dietary fats.
What structures in the small intestine provide a large surface area for absorption?
Villi and microvilli.
These structures increase the surface area significantly, enhancing nutrient absorption.
