Unit 8: Civil Rights Movement Flashcards
Plessy v. Ferguson
Supreme Court Ruling that legalized segregation. “Separate but equal”
Brown v. Board of Education
Supreme Court Ruling that declared segregation in schools unconstitutional, desegregating schools and serving as a catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement.
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Bus Boycott in Montgomery, Alabama, after Rosa Parks was arrested for sitting in a white seat. Resulted in Supreme Court ruling against segregation in public busses and bus companies collapsing.
Freedom Riders
Civil rights activists, who participated in Freedom Rides (bus trips through the South) to protest segregated bus terminals and challenge the non-enforcement of Supreme Courts’s ruling
Role of African American Churches
Provided safe havens and supported the Civil Rights Movement while empowering Black communities to fight for equality. Spread the belief of “Black Power” (the fight for positive change in integration).
Martin Luther King Jr. (Beliefs and Strategies)
King believed in equality, social justice, and human rights, particularly towards African Americans; he fought for his beliefs with civil disobedience, protests, boycotts, and other forms of non-violent resistance.
Malcolm X / Nation of Islam (Beliefs)
Strong belief in Black Nationalism, that white men are the devil, and that black people were the first people on Earth. The nation of Islam rejected the goals of integration and nonviolence as it was thought to be making Black people defenseless to white racism.
Malcolm X / Ballot or the Bullet Speech
Speech by Malcom X that had been delivered twice that encouraged Black people to continue to exercise their right to vote while also encouraging them to “take up arms” for their rights if the government prevented them from reaching full equality.
Significance of the “I Have a Dream” speech
Symbolized the purpose of the Civil Rights Movement which was the social movement and advocation for equality, justice for all, and the end of racial segregation and discrimination.
Civil Rights Acts of 1964
Signed by President Johnson in 1964, was the Civil Rights Act that prohibited discrimination based on race, color, sex, or national origin within schools, public accommodations, and places of employment.
Selma to Montgomery March
Includes three marches from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama, that were advocating for the voting rights of African Americans and protesting racial discrimination and violence in the South. The first march was met with attacks from state troopers and deputies on March 7, Bloody Sunday. Resulted in the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Prohibited states from denying the right to vote based on race.
Effect of the African-American Civil Rights Movement on other minority groups
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 also provided a foundation for other minority groups to advocate and non-violently protest for their rights while the Civil Rights Movement changed democracy.
National Organization for Women goals (Women’s Liberation Movement)
NOW is a feminist organization that advocates for women’s rights, gender equality, the elimination of discrimination.
Equal Pay Act of 1963
Signed by President Kennedy, prohibits the sex-based wage discrimination.
Cesar Chavez & the United Farms Workers
Chavez was a civil rights activist who had co-founded the United Farm Workers. The UFW advocated for the goals of improved conditions of farm workers and their rights.
Previous court rulings regarding minorities (Dred Scott v. Sanford/ Plessy v. Ferguson)
Dred Scott v. Sanford ruled that whether African Americans were enslaved or free, they were not citizens of the U.S. and therefore could not sue in federal court and vote. Plessy v. Ferguson legalized segregation. “Separate but equal”
