Unit 8: civil rights Flashcards
Define civil liberties
Fundamental individual freedoms, many detailed in the Bill of Rights, which give individuals freedom from government authority
Define civil rightd
Additional protections which ensure that groups of citizens are not discriminated against, many of which originated from the Fourteenth Amendment
Name 4 ways civil rights and liberties are protected in the US
Constitution
Bill of rights
Supreme court rulings
Executive orders
How did Obama use executive orders to advance civil rights?
Gay rights - people with HIV no longer barred from entering country
How does the Constitution (before bill of rights and amendments) protect civil rights? (3)
Entrenched rights
Citizens can appeal through Supreme Court
Checks and balances
Name 3 methods used by pressure groups to promote and support rights
Advertising campaigns on social media and TV
Lobbying
Legal campaign
What did the 14th amendment do?
Gave enslaved people full citizenship and guarantees equal protection for everyone
What did the 19th amendment do?
Gave women the right to vote
What did the 24th amendment do?
Gave americans the right to vote without paying tax
Who led the (failed) campaign for the Equal Rights Amendment?
National Organisation for Women
What did the Equal Rights Amendment propose?
Make it illegal to discriminate based on gender
How did the ACLU affect Trump?
Federal court blocked Tump’s 2017 ban on immigration from Muslim countries
Name two successes of the NAACP in history
Ended segregation Brown v. Board
Helped plan 1963 march on Washington (MLK i have a dream)
How did COVID conflict with civil liberties in the US?
Anti-lockdown protests as stay-at-home orders weren’t liked
What did the 1964 Civil Rights Act do?
Outlawed discrimination- voter requirements, jobs, schools etc,
What case ruled Affirmative Action to be legal (and date)
Fisher v University of Texas 2016
How have civil rights decreased in relation to voting?
25 states have introduced strict voter laws which disproportionately impact ethnic minorities
Name a similarity and a difference in the protection of civil rights in the UK and US
Similar - legislation passed to protect citizens (2010 Equality Act and 1964 Civil Rights Act)
Different - SCOTUS can strike down laws that go against citizens rights but UKSC can’t
Name 2 differences in the protection of women’s rights in the US and UK
Abortion - UK Abortion Act 1967, Roe v Wade overturned
Equal Rights Amendment failed, Equality Act 2010
How are rights relating to guns different in the US and UK
2nd Amendment guarantees US citizens right to firearms whereas UK is heavily restricted
How have civil rights campaigns differed in their success in the US and UK? (3)
Religious more successful in US (anti abortion)
Women’s rights more successful in UK (US didn’t ratify ERA)
NRA pro-gun, links to Republicans
Name 3 ways that structural theory can be used to understand differences in civil rights in the US and UK
Entrenched vs uncodified constitution
Constitution v parliamentary sovereignty
Campaign finance rules
Name 3 ways that rational theory can be used to understand similarities differences in civil rights in the US and UK
Infringement of rights leads to advancement - Brown v board,
Individual leaders impact civil rights - more so in US - MLK
Politicians impact - JFK and Cameron
Name 3 ways that cultural theory can be used to understand similarities differences in civil rights in the US and UK
Both value individual liberty - US Bill of Rights, UK HRA
US religious right - anti-abortion
US more suspicious of government control - anti-lockdown protests
