major role of the immune system
-to detect and deflect pathogens, but if that doesn’t work, it will
then try to destroy them
-to keep most potential pathogens out of the body, or to quickly destroy them if they do manage to get in
Define of pathogen
Any agent that can cause disease. Common types of pathogens of human hosts include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and single-celled organisms called protists.
innate immune system
Innate immune system -
- Non-specific
- First and second line of defense
- has very quick responses when pathogens enter the body.
- uses physical barriers, and chemical barriers
- Responds the same way no matter what type of pathogen is attacking the host.
- Skin, mucus membranes , fever, inflammation, macrophages
Adaptive immune system
Adaptive immune system-
- Specific/-Acquired
- Later, slow
- directed towards a specific pathogen attacking the host.
- use of B and T cells
- remembers
An immune response is triggered by a(an) _____
Antigens: foreign substances that act as signaling molecules to induce an immune response in the body (such as the production of antibodies)
(T/F) The first line of defense in the immune system is specific to a virus
FALSE-innate immune system
examples of an INNATE immunity response to pathogens
B.skin
c. enzymes in saliva
d. fever
Adaptive immunity results from the coordinated action of ____ and ____.
B cells, T cells
If a person has memory B cells against a certain pathogen, the person is…
Less likely to develop the disease a second time.
3 blood vessels of the circulatory system
arteries, capillaries, and veins.
ROLES OF 3 blood vessels of the circulatory system
Arteries: large vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
Capillaries: the smallest blood vessel; transport blood, nutrients, and oxygen to cells
Veins: carry deoxygenated blood to the heart
3 main parts of the circulatory system
(heart, blood vessels, and blood)
Heart: move blood throughout the body
Blood vessels: As blood flows through the circulatory system, it moves through three types of blood vessels—arteries, capillaries, and veins.
Blood: transporting oxygen and nutrients to the lungs and tissues
role of the 3 blood cells of the circulatory system
(red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets)
Red Blood Cells: (carry oxygen)
White Blood Cells: (attack pathogens)or leukocytes’ are the army of the circulatory system
Platelets: (help with clotting, make scabs) The fragments, each enclosed in a cell membrane, break off and enter into the blood as platelets
Which part of the CIRCULATORY SYSTEM is responsible for bringing blood back to the heart?
veins
The hemoglobin of red blood cells greatly increases the blood’s…
oxygen-carrying capacity
can you label the heart
circulatory system function
transports oxygen, nutrients, and other substances throughout the body, and removes wastes from tissues.
deoxygenated blood enter the heart from the body through
Vena Cava
blood enters the heart after returning from the lungs through
pulmonary vein
