Unit 4- Protein Synthesis Flashcards
DNA is the code for making
proteins
Unlike DNA, RNA contains the nitrogen base
(uracil instead of thymine)
A=U
The process of creating RNA (DNA-> RNA) takes place in the
Nucleus
The process of creating a protein (RNA-> Protein) takes place in the a
Ribosomes
mRNA
messenger-copies instructions in DNA and carries these to ribosomes in the cytoplasm
tRNA
transfer- carries amino acids to the ribosome and mRNA
rRNA
ribosomal- make sup ribosomes
DNA vs. RNA
DNA: sugar is deoxyribose, double stranded, contains thymine
RNA: sugar is ribose, single stranded, contains uracil
In Eukaryotic cells, DNA that stores your genetic information is found in the
nucleus
How many bases are in an mRNA codon?
3
DNA strand is “AGC TTG”–> RNA
UCG AAC
then to amino acid
remember A=U not A=T
Which organelle in the cytoplasm is the protein making factory?
Ribosomes
A physical characteristic of an organism is referred to as a
phenotype/trait
A physical characteristic of an organism is referred to as a
phenotype/trait
Organisms that have two different alleles for a particular trait are said to be
heterozygous
Organisms that have the same alleles for a particular trait are said to be
homozygous
Through meiosis & fertilization, each parent contributes one of two genes for a particular trait. Different forms of a gene are called
alleles
An allele that shows their effect even if the individual only has one copy of the allele
dominant
Transcription
DNA–>RNA
carry the code/instructions out of the nucleus
Translation
read/follow the instructions carried on the mRNA to make a protein
mRNA–>protein
