Unit 8. Carb Metabolism

Question 1

• Exogenous foods can be further digested into _____

Answer 1

monosaccharids

Question 2

______: are carbs that cannot be broken down to simpler sugars by hydrolysis

Answer 2

monosaccarids

Question 3

_____: the endogenous biosynthesis of carbs

Answer 3

gluconeogenesis

Question 4

____: the endogenous catabolism of carbs

Answer 4

glycogenolysis

Question 5

___: the breakdown of glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate and glucose.

Answer 5

glycogenolysis

Question 6

glycogenolysis is the breaking down of glycogen to ____

Answer 6

glucose-1-phosphate & glucose

Question 7

glycogen –> glucose = _____process

Answer 7

glycogenolysis

Question 8

glucose —> glycogen = _____ process

Answer 8

glycogenesis

Question 9

Glocuse –> pyruvate =_____ process

Answer 9

glycolysis

Question 10

pyruvate –> glucose = _____ process

Answer 10

gluconeogenesis

Question 11

____ is stored glucose

Answer 11

glycogen

Question 12

Pyruvate is a ___carbon compound

Answer 12

3 Carbon

Question 13

All digestive enzymes belong to class 3 _____

Answer 13

hydrolases

Question 14

What is the enzyme that is produced in the salivary gland and pancreas that can break down carbs

Answer 14

@- amylase

Question 15

what does @-amylase digest starches into: _____,___ and & ____

Answer 15

glucose
maltose
isomaltose

Question 16

Maltase breaks maltose into _____

Answer 16

2 glucoses

Question 17

Isomaltase breaks isomaltose into what?

Answer 17

2 glucoses

Question 18

Lactase breaks lactose into ____&___

Answer 18

glucose & galactose

Question 19

sucrase breaks sucrose into ___&__

Answer 19

glucose + fructose

Question 20

Disaccharides are produced in the _____

Answer 20

small intestine

by @-amylase enzyme- that is produced in the salivary glands and pancreas

Question 21

where is @amylase produced ?

Answer 21

pancrease and salivary gland

Question 22

T/F glucose can be made from AA

Answer 22

true

Question 23

Isomaltase is a ____, _____ & ____

Answer 23

protein
enzyme
disaccaridase

Question 24

T/F glycolysis occurs in aerobic and anaerobic state?

Answer 24

true

Question 25

T/F once a carbon molecule is in "glycolysis" there is no escaping

Answer 25

false

Question 26

Glycogen is the body's reserve of ___

Answer 26

carbohydrates | fat, carbs, lipids, protein

Question 27

______: using glucose for energy

Answer 27

glycolysis

Question 28

_____: metabolic breakdown of glucose to pyruvate for the release of NRG

Answer 28

aerobic glycolysis

Question 29

endrogenous Glycogen is mostly made and stored in the ____

Answer 29

liver

Question 30

______ is the pathway for biosynthesis of nucleic acids

Answer 30

pentose phosphate pathway

Question 31

generation of glucuronic acid is the ______ pathway

Answer 31

uronic acid pathway | coverts insoluble to soluble compounds in the liver

Question 32

name 2 fxn of gluconeogenesis

Answer 32

1. stores glucose | 2. maintains blood glucose level

Question 33

Where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 33

cytosol

Question 34

glycolysis requires ____ to occur

Answer 34

NAD

Question 35

Aerobic glycolysis produces _______ as its end product

Answer 35

2 pyruvate

Question 36

Aerobic glycolysis cost ___ATP, yeilds ___ ATP, for a net of __ ATP Yeilds _____NADH

Answer 36

cost 2 Yeilds 4 Net 2 2 NADH

Question 37

Glucokinase is found in what organ? Where is hexokinase found ?

Answer 37

liver Hexokinase is found in all other cells (esp. M cells)

Question 38

Enzyme that phosphorylate Glucose in glycolysis pathway

Answer 38

glucokinase

Question 39

Enzyme used to phosphorylate Glucose -->G6P

Answer 39

glucokinase

Question 40

Enzyme used for F^P--> F1,6-BP

Answer 40

phosphofructokinase

Question 41

Enzyme for sphosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) --> pyruvate

Answer 41

pyruvate kinase

Question 42

What two intermediates make NAD --> NADH using dehydrogenase

Answer 42

G3P --> 1.3 BPG

Question 43

Cleavage of F1,6 BP creates two triose. What are their names ?

Answer 43

G3P & DHAP

Question 44

_____ enzyme converts DHAP back into G3P

Answer 44

triose phosphate isomerase

Question 45

Enzyme used to Oxidize and phosphorylate G3P to 3BPG

Answer 45

glyeraldehyde 3- phosphate dehydrogenase

Question 46

Enzyme used for 1,3 BPG--> 3BG

Answer 46

phosphoglycerate kinase

Question 47

____ glucose intake will increase glycolysis

Answer 47

increase

Question 48

Insulin is _______ in response to increase glucose

Answer 48

elevated

Question 49

Glucose and insulin will increase the activity of which 4 enzymes

Answer 49

glucokinase/ hexokinase phosphofructokinase pyruvate kinase

Question 50

Activator for PFK

Answer 50

F6P

Question 51

Activator for pyruvate kinase

Answer 51

F1,6 BP

Question 52

Inhibitor for glucokinase

Answer 52

a back up of G6P

Question 53

Inhibitors for PFK and pyruvate kinase

Answer 53

ATP & glucagon

Question 54

name the 5 enzymes that produce ATP

Answer 54

``` phosphoglycerate kinase (glycolysis) Pyruvate Kinase (Glycolysis) succinyl-CoA thiokinase (Krebs) --GTP ATP synthase (ETC) Creatine phosphokinase (M and brain) ```

Question 55

_____ is consumed to form lactate during anaerobic glycolysis

Answer 55

NADH

Question 56

What is the net ATP production of anaerobic glycolysis

Answer 56

2 ATP | 4 are made- 2 are consumed

Question 57

2 fxn of the ETC

Answer 57

1. make ATP in the presence of O2 | 2. take e- from NADH to regenerate NAD

Question 58

NAD is regenerated by ______ formation in anaerobic glycolysis

Answer 58

lactate

Question 59

Where is the NAD for glycolysis usually formed ?

Answer 59

ETC

Question 60

Under what conidtions does the ETC not fxn

Answer 60

anaerobic

Question 61

pyruvate + NADH + H Lactate + NAD is catalyzed by ______

Answer 61

lactate convertase

Question 62

Lactate is transported to the _____ in the blood

Answer 62

liver

Question 63

lactate can be converted back to pyruvte by _____ enzyme

Answer 63

lactate dehydrogenase

Question 64

pyruate can under go transamination in an anaerobic state to get _____

Answer 64

L-alanine