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term 2 - BioChem unit 2 BT > Unit 8. Carb Metabolism > Flashcards

Unit 8. Carb Metabolism Flashcards

s: 21 in my notes S: 16 in review

1
Q
  • Exogenous foods can be further digested into _____
A

monosaccharids

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2
Q

______: are carbs that cannot be broken down to simpler sugars by hydrolysis

A

monosaccarids

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3
Q

_____: the endogenous biosynthesis of carbs

A

gluconeogenesis

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4
Q

____: the endogenous catabolism of carbs

A

glycogenolysis

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5
Q

___: the breakdown of glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate and glucose.

A

glycogenolysis

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6
Q

glycogenolysis is the breaking down of glycogen to ____

A

glucose-1-phosphate & glucose

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7
Q

glycogen –> glucose = _____process

A

glycogenolysis

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8
Q

glucose —> glycogen = _____ process

A

glycogenesis

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9
Q

Glocuse –> pyruvate =_____ process

A

glycolysis

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10
Q

pyruvate –> glucose = _____ process

A

gluconeogenesis

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11
Q

____ is stored glucose

A

glycogen

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12
Q

Pyruvate is a ___carbon compound

A

3 Carbon

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13
Q

All digestive enzymes belong to class 3 _____

A

hydrolases

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14
Q

What is the enzyme that is produced in the salivary gland and pancreas that can break down carbs

A

@- amylase

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15
Q

what does @-amylase digest starches into: _____,___ and & ____

A

glucose
maltose
isomaltose

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16
Q

Maltase breaks maltose into _____

A

2 glucoses

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17
Q

Isomaltase breaks isomaltose into what?

A

2 glucoses

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18
Q

Lactase breaks lactose into ____&___

A

glucose & galactose

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19
Q

sucrase breaks sucrose into ___&__

A

glucose + fructose

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20
Q

Disaccharides are produced in the _____

A

small intestine

by @-amylase enzyme- that is produced in the salivary glands and pancreas

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21
Q

where is @amylase produced ?

A

pancrease and salivary gland

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22
Q

T/F glucose can be made from AA

A

true

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23
Q

Isomaltase is a ____, _____ & ____

A

protein
enzyme
disaccaridase

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24
Q

T/F glycolysis occurs in aerobic and anaerobic state?

A

true

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25
Q

T/F once a carbon molecule is in “glycolysis” there is no escaping

A

false

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26
Q

Glycogen is the body’s reserve of ___

A

carbohydrates

fat, carbs, lipids, protein

27
Q

______: using glucose for energy

A

glycolysis

28
Q

_____: metabolic breakdown of glucose to pyruvate for the release of NRG

A

aerobic glycolysis

29
Q

endrogenous Glycogen is mostly made and stored in the ____

A

liver

30
Q

______ is the pathway for biosynthesis of nucleic acids

A

pentose phosphate pathway

31
Q

generation of glucuronic acid is the ______ pathway

A

uronic acid pathway

coverts insoluble to soluble compounds in the liver

32
Q

name 2 fxn of gluconeogenesis

A
  1. stores glucose

2. maintains blood glucose level

33
Q

Where does glycolysis occur?

A

cytosol

34
Q

glycolysis requires ____ to occur

A

NAD

35
Q

Aerobic glycolysis produces _______ as its end product

A

2 pyruvate

36
Q

Aerobic glycolysis cost ___ATP, yeilds ___ ATP, for a net of __ ATP

Yeilds _____NADH

A

cost 2
Yeilds 4
Net 2

2 NADH

37
Q

Glucokinase is found in what organ?

Where is hexokinase found ?

A

liver

Hexokinase is found in all other cells (esp. M cells)

38
Q

Enzyme that phosphorylate Glucose in glycolysis pathway

A

glucokinase

39
Q

Enzyme used to phosphorylate Glucose –>G6P

A

glucokinase

40
Q

Enzyme used for F^P–> F1,6-BP

A

phosphofructokinase

41
Q

Enzyme for sphosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) –> pyruvate

A

pyruvate kinase

42
Q

What two intermediates make NAD –> NADH using dehydrogenase

A

G3P –> 1.3 BPG

43
Q

Cleavage of F1,6 BP creates two triose. What are their names ?

A

G3P & DHAP

44
Q

_____ enzyme converts DHAP back into G3P

A

triose phosphate isomerase

45
Q

Enzyme used to Oxidize and phosphorylate G3P to 3BPG

A

glyeraldehyde 3- phosphate dehydrogenase

46
Q

Enzyme used for 1,3 BPG–> 3BG

A

phosphoglycerate kinase

47
Q

____ glucose intake will increase glycolysis

A

increase

48
Q

Insulin is _______ in response to increase glucose

A

elevated

49
Q

Glucose and insulin will increase the activity of which 4 enzymes

A

glucokinase/ hexokinase
phosphofructokinase
pyruvate kinase

50
Q

Activator for PFK

A

F6P

51
Q

Activator for pyruvate kinase

A

F1,6 BP

52
Q

Inhibitor for glucokinase

A

a back up of G6P

53
Q

Inhibitors for PFK and pyruvate kinase

A

ATP & glucagon

54
Q

name the 5 enzymes that produce ATP

A 
phosphoglycerate kinase (glycolysis)
Pyruvate Kinase (Glycolysis) 
succinyl-CoA thiokinase (Krebs) --GTP
ATP synthase (ETC)
Creatine phosphokinase (M and brain)
55
Q

_____ is consumed to form lactate during anaerobic glycolysis

A

NADH

56
Q

What is the net ATP production of anaerobic glycolysis

A

2 ATP

4 are made- 2 are consumed

57
Q

2 fxn of the ETC

A
  1. make ATP in the presence of O2

2. take e- from NADH to regenerate NAD

58
Q

NAD is regenerated by ______ formation in anaerobic glycolysis

A

lactate

59
Q

Where is the NAD for glycolysis usually formed ?

A

ETC

60
Q

Under what conidtions does the ETC not fxn

A

anaerobic

61
Q

pyruvate + NADH + H Lactate + NAD is catalyzed by ______

A

lactate convertase

62
Q

Lactate is transported to the _____ in the blood

A

liver

63
Q

lactate can be converted back to pyruvte by _____ enzyme

A

lactate dehydrogenase

64
Q

pyruate can under go transamination in an anaerobic state to get _____

A

L-alanine

term 2 - BioChem unit 2 BT (3 decks)

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