Unit 8/9 Flashcards
What are the 3 energy nutrient sources
Carbs
Proteins
Fats
3 Energy Nutrient Sources
Carbs
Fats
Proteins
What is a calorie
A single unit measure of energy (kCal)
10 Factors that affect BMR
- Age
- Malnutrition
- Environmental Temps
- Thyroxin
- Fever
- Growth
- Height
- Body Composition
- Stress
- Fasting / Starvation
Basal Caloric needs for average male?
11 kCal/lb
Basal Caloric needs for average female?
10 kCal/lb
How to estimate total caloric need?
(Basal Metabolism) \+ (Physical Activity) \+ (Dietary Thermogenesis)
What is dietary thermogenesis?
Amount of energy expenditure
What are the %’s of the three activity factors?
Inactive - 30%
Average - 50%
Active - 75%
What is satiation
Occurs during a meal; you feel you’ve had enough to eat, and do not want to eat anymore
What is satiation
Being full
What is satiety
Describes your experience after a meal; When would you start to feel hungry again.
Why do we not start to eat again (Satiety)?
- nutrients in blood signal the brain
- as nutrients diminish, satiety diminishes and hunger develops
- hunger hormones increase
Ghrelin
- Hunger hormone
- Tells us that we are hungry
Bodyweight is composed of what FOUR things
Muscle
Bones
Organs
Essential Fats
Minimum body fat of Men VS. Women
Men = 3% Women = 12%
What is the average body fat for Males Vs Females?
Men = 12-20% Women = 20-30%
Going below having a certain threshold of body fat can lead to what symptoms?
- Infertility
- Unable to keep warm
- Develop Depression
- Abnormal Hunger Regulation
Apple Vs. Pear Shaped
Apple
- excess fat in chest and stomach area
- higher risk for chronic diseases
- waist circumference < 88 cm
Pear
- excess fat in hips, thighs and butt
- waist circumference < 102 cm
4 Ways to measure body composition?
- Fat Fold Measures
- Using callipers - DXA
- Xray - Underwater Weighing
- Bioelectrical Impedence
- low intensity electrical current
- fat tissues are more resistant to current
- lean tissues conduct more
Metabolic Syndrome
- abdominal obesity
- elevated levels of triglycerides (1.7 mmol/L)
- low levels of HDL
- high blood pressure/hypertension
- impaired fasting glucose
Does BMR increase or decrease with weight loss and weight gain?
Weight Loss = BMR DECREASE
Weight Gain = BMR INCREASE
Adipose tissure
- Loose connective tissue
- store energy in the form of fat
Fat Cell Hyperplasia?
- happens in critical periods of life
- fat cells divides when reaches approximately 4 fold larger
