Unit 8/9

Question 1

What are the 3 energy nutrient sources

Answer 1

Carbs
Proteins
Fats

Question 2

3 Energy Nutrient Sources

Answer 2

Carbs
Fats
Proteins

Question 3

What is a calorie

Answer 3

A single unit measure of energy (kCal)

Question 4

10 Factors that affect BMR

Answer 4

1. Age
2. Malnutrition
3. Environmental Temps
4. Thyroxin
5. Fever
6. Growth
7. Height
8. Body Composition
9. Stress
10. Fasting / Starvation

Question 5

Basal Caloric needs for average male?

Answer 5

11 kCal/lb

Question 6

Basal Caloric needs for average female?

Answer 6

10 kCal/lb

Question 7

How to estimate total caloric need?

Answer 7

(Basal Metabolism)
\+
(Physical Activity)
\+ 
(Dietary Thermogenesis)

Question 8

What is dietary thermogenesis?

Answer 8

Amount of energy expenditure

Question 9

What are the %’s of the three activity factors?

Answer 9

Inactive - 30%
Average - 50%
Active - 75%

Question 10

What is satiation

Answer 10

Occurs during a meal; you feel you’ve had enough to eat, and do not want to eat anymore

Question 11

What is satiation

Answer 11

Being full

Question 12

What is satiety

Answer 12

Describes your experience after a meal; When would you start to feel hungry again.

Question 13

Why do we not start to eat again (Satiety)?

Answer 13

• nutrients in blood signal the brain
• as nutrients diminish, satiety diminishes and hunger develops
• hunger hormones increase

Question 14

Ghrelin

Answer 14

• Hunger hormone

- Tells us that we are hungry

Question 15

Bodyweight is composed of what FOUR things

Answer 15

Muscle
Bones
Organs
Essential Fats

Question 16

Minimum body fat of Men VS. Women

Answer 16

Men = 3%
Women = 12%

Question 17

What is the average body fat for Males Vs Females?

Answer 17

Men = 12-20%
Women = 20-30%

Question 18

Going below having a certain threshold of body fat can lead to what symptoms?

Answer 18

• Infertility
• Unable to keep warm
• Develop Depression
• Abnormal Hunger Regulation

Question 19

Apple Vs. Pear Shaped

Answer 19

Apple

• excess fat in chest and stomach area
• higher risk for chronic diseases
• waist circumference < 88 cm

Pear

• excess fat in hips, thighs and butt
• waist circumference < 102 cm

Question 20

4 Ways to measure body composition?

Answer 20

1. Fat Fold Measures
   - Using callipers
2. DXA
   - Xray
3. Underwater Weighing
4. Bioelectrical Impedence
   - low intensity electrical current
   - fat tissues are more resistant to current
   - lean tissues conduct more

Question 21

Metabolic Syndrome

Answer 21

• abdominal obesity
• elevated levels of triglycerides (1.7 mmol/L)
• low levels of HDL
• high blood pressure/hypertension
• impaired fasting glucose

Question 22

Does BMR increase or decrease with weight loss and weight gain?

Answer 22

Weight Loss = BMR DECREASE

Weight Gain = BMR INCREASE

Question 23

Adipose tissure

Answer 23

• Loose connective tissue

- store energy in the form of fat

Question 24

Fat Cell Hyperplasia?

Answer 24

• happens in critical periods of life

- fat cells divides when reaches approximately 4 fold larger

Question 25

LPL

Answer 25

• Lipoprotein Lipase
• promotes fat storage in adipose tissue
• more LPL in obese

Question 26

Fenfluramine + Dexfenfluramine (Phen-Fen)

Answer 26

• Medication for weight loss
• banned in 1997
• stimulant
• heart valve defects
• death

Question 27

Merida (Sibutramine)

Answer 27

• enhances satiety (being full_)
• BP, headaches, dry mouth, heartrate
• Banned in 2010

Question 28

Xenical

Answer 28

• blocks dietary fat absorption in gut