Unit 8

Question 1

Arctic

Answer 1

relating to the most northern part of the world - مربوط به قطب شمال

• the Arctic island of Novaya Zemlya

Question 2

Antarctica

Answer 2

the CONTINENT which is the most southern area of land on the Earth and is mostly covered with ice

Question 3

Wilderness

Answer 3

a large area of land that has never been developed or farmed

• the Alaskan wilderness

Question 4

Polar

Answer 4

close to or relating to the North Pole or the South Pole

• As our climate warms up, the polar ice caps will begin to melt.

Question 5

Leisure

Answer 5

time when you are not working or studying and can relax and do things you enjoy

• Most people now enjoy shorter working hours and more leisure time.
• Watching television is now the nation’s most popular leisure activity.

Question 6

Bring about

Answer 6

to make something happen SYN cause

• How can we bring about a change in attitudes?
• A huge amount of environmental damage has been brought about by the destruction of the rain forests.

Question 7

Marine

Answer 7

relating to the sea and the creatures that live there - دریایی

• the enormous variety of marine life
• the effects of oil pollution on marine mammals

Question 8

Sharp

Answer 8

a sharp increase, rise, fall etc happens suddenly and is great in amount SYN steep - تیز - تند

• a sharp increase in prices
• a sharp fall in unemployment

Question 9

Downturn

Answer 9

a period or process in which business activity, production etc is reduced and conditions become worse - رکود OPP upturn

• America’s current economic downturn

Question 10

Land-based

Answer 10

placed on or living on the land

• land-based animals
• land-based missiles (موشک)

Question 11

Fragile

Answer 11

easily broken or damaged OPP strong

• Be careful with that vase (گلدان), it’s very fragile.
• fragile bones

Question 12

Aircraft

Answer 12

a plane or other vehicle that can fly

Question 13

All-terrain

Answer 13

all-terrain vehicles are very strong with thick tyres and are suitable for use in many different conditions

• an all-terrain bike

Question 14

Executive

Answer 14

a manager in an organization or company who helps make important decisions

• a marketing executive
• top/senior executives on high salaries

Question 15

Deteriorate

Answer 15

to become worse

• Ethel’s health has deteriorated.
• America’s deteriorating economy

Question 16

Regulation

Answer 16

an official rule or order

• There seem to be so many rules and regulations these days.
• new regulations on imports

Question 17

Vessel

Answer 17

a ship or large boat

• a fishing vessel

Question 18

Continent

Answer 18

a large mass of land surrounded by sea - قاره

• the continents of Asia and Africa

Question 19

Ashore

Answer 19

on or towards the shore (ساحل) of a lake, river, sea etc SYN onshore

• Seals come ashore to breed.
• Several dead birds had been washed ashore.

Question 20

Associate

Answer 20

to make a connection in your mind between one thing or person and another

• I don’t associate him with energetic sports.

Question 21

Influence

Answer 21

to affect the way someone or something develops, behaves, thinks etc without directly forcing or ordering them - تاثیر

• Marx was strongly influenced by the historian Niebuhr.
• Several factors are likely to influence this decision.

Question 22

Plight

Answer 22

a very bad situation that someone is in

• the desperate plight of the flood victims
• the country’s economic plight