Unit 4

Question 1

Printing Plant

Answer 1

کارخانه چاپ

Question 2

fluctuation

Answer 2

a change in a price, amount, level etc - variation - تغییر و نوسانات

• the fluctuation in interest rates

Question 3

Moisture

Answer 3

small amounts of water that are present in the air, in a substance, or on a surface - humidity - damp - wet

• Plants use their roots to absorb moisture from the soil.
• Your skin’s moisture content varies according to weather conditions.

Question 4

Printing paper

Answer 4

کاغذ چاپ

Question 5

slightly

Answer 5

a little

• a slightly different color
• January’s sales were slightly better than average.
• He was someone I already knew slightly.

Question 6

Textiles

Answer 6

any type of woven cloth that is made in large quantities, used especially by people in the business of making clothes etc - پارچه و منسوجات

• heir main exports are textiles, especially silk and cotton.

Question 7

pharmaceuticals

Answer 7

drugs and medicines - دارویی

Question 8

widespread use

Answer 8

existing or happening in many places or situations, or among many people

• the widespread use of chemicals in agriculture

Question 9

Rather than

Answer 9

instead of

• I think you’d call it a lecture rather than a talk.
• Rather than go straight on to university why not get some work experience first?

Question 10

Spread

Answer 10

if something spreads or is spread, it becomes larger or moves so that it affects more people or a larger area

• Fire quickly spread through the building.
• The disease spread rapidly amongst the poor.

Question 11

steeply

Answer 11

به شدت

• The road rises steeply from the village.

Question 12

Conscious

Answer 12

noticing or realizing something - aware

• I became conscious of someone watching me.
• She was conscious that Marie was listening to every word.

Question 13

employers

Answer 13

a person, company, or organization that employs people - کارفرما

• The shoe factory is the largest employer in this area.

Question 14

regarded

Answer 14

to think about someone or something in a particular way - درنظر گرفتن

• Edith was widely regarded as (=considered by many people to be) eccentric.
• His work is highly regarded (=regarded as very good) by art experts.

Question 15

Productivity

Answer 15

the rate at which goods are produced, and the amount produced, especially in relation to the work, time, and money needed to produce them - بهره وری

• ways of increasing productivity
• high productivity levels in manufacturing

Question 16

Amongst

Answer 16

in or through the middle of a group of people or things - among

• The girl quickly disappeared among the crowd.
• I could hear voices coming from somewhere among the bushes.

Question 17

cite

Answer 17

to mention something as an example, especially one that supports, proves, or explains an idea or situation

Cited sth as sth:
- Several factors have been cited as the cause of the unrest.

Question 18

Contributor

Answer 18

someone who gives money, help, ideas etc to something that a lot of other people are also involved in - مشارکت دهنده

• Dr Win was a major contributor to the research.

Question 19

Critic

Answer 19

someone whose job is to make judgments about the good and bad qualities of art, music, films etc - reviewer

• a review by the theatre critic of the ‘Sunday Times’

Question 20

Sculpture

Answer 20

an object made out of stone, wood, clay etc by an artist

• a sculpture of an elephant
• an exhibition of sculpture

Question 21

Preliminary

Answer 21

something that is said or done first, to introduce or prepare for something else - پیش نیاز - مقدمات

• Pilot studies are a useful preliminary to large research projects.
• After the usual preliminaries, the chairman made his announcement.

Question 22

Inspire

Answer 22

to give someone the idea for something, especially a story, painting, poem etc

• The story was inspired by a chance meeting with an old Russian duke.
• a range of designs inspired by wild flowers

Question 23

Geometric

Answer 23

having or using the shapes and lines in GEOMETRY, such as circles or squares, especially when these are arranged in regular patterns

• a geometric design

Question 24

Parallelogram

Answer 24

a flat shape with four sides in which each side is the same length as the side opposite it and parallel to it - rectangle

Question 25

diagonal

Answer 25

a diagonal line is straight and joins two opposite corners of a flat shape, usually a square - مورب

• diagonal parking spaces
• The path goes diagonally across the field.

Question 26

Attempt

Answer 26

an act of trying to do something, especially something difficult - تلاش کردن

• All attempts to control inflation have failed.
• She passed her driving test at the first attempt.

Question 27

Elastic band

Answer 27

a thin circular piece of rubber used for fastening things together - rubber band - بند کشی - بند الاستیک

Question 28

twist

Answer 28

to bend or turn something, such as wire, hair, or cloth, into a particular shape

• She twisted her handkerchief into a knot.
• Twist the two ends of the wire together.

Question 29

Identical

Answer 29

exactly the same, or very similar

• four identical houses
• The ingredients are identical with those of competing products.

Question 30

Patent

Answer 30

a special document that gives you the right to make or sell a new INVENTION or product that no one else is allowed to copy - copyright

• The drugs are protected by patent.
• He applied for a patent for a new method of removing paint.

Question 31

Manufacture

Answer 31

to use machines to make goods or materials, usually in large numbers or amounts

• the company that manufactured the drug
• manufactured goods

Question 32

Expert

Answer 32

someone who has a special skill or special knowledge of a subject, gained as a result of training or experience - کارشناس

• He’s a world expert on marine mammals.
• an expert in statistics

Question 33

persuade

Answer 33

to make someone decide to do something, especially by giving them reasons why they should do it, or asking them many times to do it

• I finally managed to persuade her to go out for a drink with me.
• Don’t let yourself be persuaded into buying things you don’t want.

Question 34

Inventor

Answer 34

someone who has invented something, or whose job is to invent things - مخترع

Question 35

Fairs

Answer 35

a form of outdoor entertainment, at which there are large machines to ride on and games in which you can win prizes - carnival - نمایشگاه - فستیوال

• the Frankfurt Book Fair
• an antiques fair