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World History 9 > Unit 8 > Flashcards

Unit 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

Why did the medieval ages become god-obsessed?

A

The religious people came and said god was punishing them for not following the rules, and believing in Heaven gave the people a reason to live

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2
Q

What are the two books written by St. Augustine?

A

Confessions and City of God

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3
Q

What did St. A write about in Confessions?

A

Women are sin and devotion to God

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4
Q

What did St. A write about in City of God

A

Submission to God and laws of God over laws of man

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5
Q

What papers(?) was Pope Leo I involved in?

A

Petrine Doctrine and Decree of Papal Power

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6
Q

What did the Petrine Doctrine talk about?

A

The sack of Rome and Jesus->Peter->Bishop of Rome->Pope Leo I (named himself bishop

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7
Q

What did the Decree of Papal Power talk about?

A

Pope= the head of the church

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8
Q

What did Pope Gregory I do to get more money and what does he do with the money?

A

No more tribute($) to the eastern Roman emperor in Constantinople

Spends the money to build monasteries (place for men to pray to God) (from St. A’s theology)

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9
Q

What is “the Rule” and who is St. Benedict?

A

Created by St. Benedict, “the Rule” says to copy any book you can

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10
Q

What good does copying the books do?

A

It saved a lot of writings that would have been lost, saving western culture

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11
Q

What two significant events happen in 529 AD?

A

Monte Cassino (monastery) opens and Plato’s school (the Academy) closes

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12
Q

Who is Clovis?

A

First great Merovingian, names himself King of the Franks

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13
Q

Who are the “do-nothing kings”

A

Clovis’s airs

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14
Q

What is the Mayor of the Palace?

A

Does all of the kings’ jobs

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15
Q

Who is Pepin of Herstal and what did he do?

A

The first great mayor of the palace because he makes the office hereditary

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16
Q

Who is Charles “the hammer/da hamma” Martel? And where did his nickname come from?

A

Pepin’s son, called the hammer because he fought in the Battle of Tours

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17
Q

What is the Battle of Tours? Who won? What does the win do?

A

Fought between the Franks and the Moors (spanish muslims)- Charles (Franks) win and save Christianity

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18
Q

Who is Pepin the Short? What two things did he accomplish?

A

Charles Martel’s son

1) kicked out Merovingians and names himself king
2) saves Pope Zacharias

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19
Q

How did Pope Zacharias repay Pepin the Short for saving his life?

A

Blessed him and officially names him king

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20
Q

Who is Pope Zacharias?1

A

The last pope of Byzantine papacy-> Zach vs Lombards

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21
Q

What is the donation of Pepin?

A

To repay pope Zach for giving him title, king of the franks, he gives the pope papacy control of Lombardy which makes the pope officially in charge of Italy

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22
Q

What are the three reasons Charlemagne in the greatest?

A

He provides education, protection, and secular authority

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23
Q

How did Charlemagne provide education?

A

Carolingian Renaissance:

C opened cathedral schools and used the copied books from the monasteries in the schools

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24
Q

How did Charlemagne provide protection?

A

Missi Dominici:

A pair of men picked by C represent C in different places which kept C in touch with his empire

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25
Q

How did Charlemagne create secular authority?

A

C saved Pope Leo III from Leo’s enemies in Rome

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26
Q

What contradicts Charlemagne’s plan of secular authority?

A

Pope Leo III named C, “Holy Roman Emperor” givng Leo the power by Jesus to take away C’s title anytime he pleases

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27
Q

What is feudalism?

A

Exchange of service for land/ money

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28
Q

Vikings

A

Attack anywhere

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29
Q

What is Armored Calvary and what is the problem with it?

A

Military force, protects against the vikings

Problem= ride horseback and wear armour (both very expensive)

30
Q

Feudal Pyramid

A

Taxes paid by (amount you pay is based on ranking) (lord, vassal chart)

31
Q

What is a lord?

A

Master of land

32
Q

What is a vassal?

A

Person granted land in return for money and service

33
Q

What is a manor?

A

House lived in on Fief

34
Q

What is Fief?

A

Land given by lord

35
Q

What is an act of homage?

A

Submitting loyalty to your lord

36
Q

What is the Oath of Fealty?

A

Swearing allegiance-> “I will give you whatever you require”

37
Q

What is the Concordat of Worms?

A

Pope and Emperor invest together

38
Q

What does invest mean?

A

Give religious position in the church to a clergy = $ (donating to church every Sunday)

39
Q

What is the Investiture Controversy in 1075?

A

Who invests? The church or the emperor?

40
Q

In the Investiture Controversy, what did HRE Henry IV do to upset Pope Gregory VII? What did Pope G do about it? What did Henry do after he was punished?

A

Henry invested someone without permission of the church, so Pope G excommunicated him (damned him to hell and kicked him out of the church). Then Henry went to beg for forgiveness from Pope G, so Pope G had to forgive him (because Jesus), and Henry immediately got his army together to arrest Pope G before Pope G could excommunicate him again.

41
Q

What is Corpus Juris Civilias (1075)? What was the problem with it?

A

HRE Henry IV brought back the Roman laws, but Roman laws were before Christianity

42
Q

Who is Ethelred the Unready? What happened to him?

A

A very bad king of England, he loses his throne

43
Q

Who is Canute? What happened when he died?

A

A viking, good King of England(took throne after Ethelred the Unready) when he dies, there is a fight for his throne

44
Q

Who is Edward the Confessor (1042-1066)? What was bad about him?

A

King of England after Canute, but he had no children!!

45
Q

Who are the contenders to take the throne after Edward the Confessor? And why are they contenders?

A 
Harald Hardrada (viking)- related to Canute
William of Normandy (french)- distantly related to Edward
Harold Godwinson (witan/noble)- named King by Edward on his deathbed (maybe)
46
Q

Who fought in the Battle of Stamford? Why? Who won?

A

Harald Hardrada attacked Harold Godwinson because Godwinson became King of England when Hardrada wanted the throne. Godwinson won!

47
Q

Who fought in the Battle of Hastings? Why? Who wins?

A

William of Normany attacked Harold Godwinson because Godwinson became King of England, but William wanted the throne (1066!)

48
Q

What did William of Normandy change his name to after winning the Battle of Hastings?

A

William the Conquerer

49
Q

What does William of Normandy do while he is King of England?

A

He brings feudalism to England

50
Q

Who was Henry II?

A

King of England

51
Q

Who was Thomas Becket?

A

The Archbishop of Canterbury ($$$$$$)

52
Q

What is the Assize of Clarendon?

A

Trial by jury- king rules over church, laws of man over laws of god

53
Q

Who was John I?

A

King, loser

54
Q

Who was Philip Augustus?

A

French king who messes with John I because John is a loser

55
Q

What is the Battle of Bouvines? Who wins?

A

John I attacks Philip Augustus for taking land, but John loses because John’s a loser

56
Q

What is the Magna Carta? What year was it made?

A

“Constitution” kinda thing instituting a constitutional monarchy, 1215!!!

57
Q

Who is forced to sign the magna carta? By who? Why?

A

John I is forced to sign the Magna Carta by the English nobles who are so angry and John for losing the land to Philip Augustus

58
Q

What is a constitutional monarchy?

A

Where everyone is below the law, even the king

59
Q

What are flagellants?

A

Would beat themselves (during black death period) because they thought God wanted suffering and pain

60
Q

What are pogroms?

A

Massacres of Jews (u know cuz they are the reason behind everything bad in the world)

61
Q

How much of Europe’s population died during the black death?

A

1/4 to 1/3 of the population died

62
Q

How did the Black Death actually do Europe good in the end?

A

Fewer people, more resources, break of feudalism

63
Q

How did Europe survive the black death compared to Roman Empire not surviving?

A

Europe has many nations, only one Roman Empire

64
Q

Does art reflect culture?

A

Ya boi

65
Q

How do you identify Romanesque architecture?

A

Barrel vaulting (arches), no windows

66
Q

How do you identify Early Gothic architecture?

A

Flying buttress (external support allowing for thinner interior walls and add windows) and ribbed vaulting (criss cross arch ceilings)

67
Q

How do you identify High Gothic architecture?

A

Stained glass windows!!!

68
Q

How do you identify Late Gothic architecture?

A

Webbed vaulting (seashell lookin ahhhh) and death/suffering imagery (bc of the black plague)

69
Q

How did St. Augustine’s ideas lead to the rise of Pope Leo I?

A

St. A says everything is sin, life is sin, women are sin, we should only focus on God and the church- Leo says if the church is the most important, who is in charge of the church? me!

70
Q

How did Pope Gregory’s actions lead to the closing of Plato’s academy?

A

Pope G built monasteries, etc, etc, Plato’s academy closes bc Roman culture was ending and the Monte Cassino took its place

World History 9 (6 decks)

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