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A&P > unit 8 > Flashcards

unit 8 Flashcards

1
Q

which muscle surrounds the spermatic cord & its testis (it contracts in cold weather)

A

Cremaster Muscle

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2
Q

Spermatogenesis beings

A

Seminiferous tubules

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3
Q

interstitial cells that produce testosterone are also known as

A

Leydig cells

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4
Q

Where does sperm mature

A

Epididymis

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5
Q

Pathway to sperm

A

seminiferous tubules→ Rete testis→ Efferent ductules→Epididymis→Vas deferens→Pelvic cavity→Seminle vesicle→ Ejaculatory duct→Urethra

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6
Q

How long mature sperm remain fertile before they are ejaculated

A

40-60 days

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7
Q

Know the term for the two large cylinders of erectile tissues that fill the shaft of the penis

A

Corpus Carvenousa

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8
Q

Know which hormones promote the enlargement of the testes

A

Follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)

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9
Q

What is the purpose of the enzymes contained in the acrosome

A

help sperm penetrate the egg during fertilization

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10
Q

2 qualities of semen that aids in fertilization

A

stickiness & alkalinity

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11
Q

Primary reproductive organs in females

A

ovaries

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12
Q

What does the ovary contain

A

1000s of IMMATURE eggs

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13
Q

know the usual site of fertilization

A

Ampulla

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14
Q

which layer of the uterus does the embryo attach to

A

Endometrium

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15
Q

which structures of the female breast secrete milk during laction

A

Acini

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16
Q

know the hormone that stimulates the development of a follicle in women

A

FSH

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17
Q

persistent high levels of estrogen & progesterone would cause what to occur

A

Inhibit pituitary from to produce FSH & LH so no other follicle develop

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18
Q

persistent high levels of estrogen & progesterone would cause what to occur

A

lack of follicular development

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19
Q

which hormone is secreted by a developing follicle & what effects occur

A

Secrete estrogen which stimulates the thickening of the endometrium in the menstrual cycle smalls amounts of progesterone

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20
Q

If a female patient had lab results that revealed a high level of luteinizing hormone, what would you suspect

A

Ovulation; Sudden spike in LH causes follicle to rupture & release the ovum

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21
Q

Know how many chromosomes a zygote has

A

46 Chromosomes

22
Q

Typically, how long does gestation last

A

280 days/ 40wk

23
Q

which stage of pregnancy are most of the organs developed

A

second trimester

24
Q

know the term for the blackberry-like cluster of cells that enter the uterine cavity 3 to 4 days after ovulation

A

morula

25
Q

When does implantation occur (approximately)

A

6 days of ovulation

26
Q

know which portion of the blastocyst fuses with the endometrium

A

Thromphoblast

27
Q

define hCG & what does it do?

A

Hormone secreting estrogen & progesterone; progesterone stimulates endometrium growth & prevents menustation

28
Q

Describe the amnion and what a fetus is able to do

A

Transparent sac that completely envelopes the embryo filled with amniotic fluid: fetus can “breathe” fluid & swallow

29
Q

The allantois serves as the foundation for

A

developing umbilical cord

30
Q

The chorion forms the

A

Fetal side of the placenta

31
Q

The umbilical cord contains

A

2 umbilical arteries , 1 umbilical vein

32
Q

Blood returns to the fetus from the placenta via

A

umbilical cord vein

33
Q

Describe the role served by the ductus venosus

A

shunts blood around the liver

34
Q

What symptoms would you expect to see if the ductus arteriosus fails to close at birth? why?

A

respiratory difficulty, blood will enter babys lungs

35
Q

know when the fetal heart begins to beat

A

day 22

36
Q

quickening or fetal movement can usually be felt when

A

20 wks

37
Q

the fetal respiratory system although immature, is capable of gas exchange at how many weeks

A

wk 28

38
Q

the onset of labor is thought to result from several factors such as

A

decline of progesterone
release of oxytocin
uterine stretching

39
Q

stage 1 of labor ends when

A

The cervix is fully dialated

40
Q

stage 2 of labor ends when

A

head emerges, mucus is cleared from baby mouth/nose to facilitate breathing. Umbilical cord clamped & cut

41
Q

when hormone cause the lobules in the breast to contract, forcing milk into the ductus

A

Oxytocin

42
Q

Apgar score rating

A

7-10 normal
4-6 fairly low
3 & below critically low

43
Q

Difference between homozygous & heterozygous

A

Homozygous (alleles same)
Heterozygous (Alleles different)

44
Q

what is a genome

A

A complete set of genetic information for one persome carried on the 23 pairs of chromosomes

45
Q

chromosomes ingerited from mother & father, but do not play a role in determination of gender

A

autosomes

46
Q

Alleles that are equally dominant

A

Codominant

47
Q

Know which disorder causes a syndromes who characteristics include a webbed neck & short stature

A

turners syndrome

48
Q

Klinefelter syndrome results from

A

nondysfunction of sex chromosomes

49
Q

Know what happens to children who inherit one copt of allele in autosomal recessive disorder like do they manifest symptoms of the disorder, are they carriers of the disorder or are they unaffected

A

they are carriers of the disorder

50
Q

describe multifactorial disorders

A

disorder resulting from many contributing factors including genetic & environment

A&P (2 decks)

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