Unit 7.1 - 7.3

Question 1

What is nationalism?

Answer 1

Strong emotional attachment to one’s ethnic or cultural group.

Question 2

What is romantic idealism?

Answer 2

Idealized the past; individuals were valued, and democracy and liberal reforms were goals.

Question 3

Who were the Grimm brothers?

Answer 3

German scholars who compiled fairy tales and other folk stories.

Question 4

Who was Richard Wagner?

Answer 4

German composer known for writing romantic and nationalistic music.

Question 5

Who was Victor Hugo?

Answer 5

French writer who wrote about individuals struggling against cruel societies.

Wrote ‘Hunchback of Notre-Dame’ and ‘Les Miserables’.

Question 6

What is national aggrandizement?

Answer 6

Promoting a nation to appear to have great powers, often to encourage a belief in national superiority.

Question 7

What is racialism?

Answer 7

The idea that some races of people are better than others; also known as racism.

Question 8

What is Pan-Slavism?

Answer 8

A nationalist movement where Slavic peoples of Eastern and East-central Europe worked to unite in their mutual cultural and political aspirations.

Question 9

What is anti-Semitism?

Answer 9

Discrimination and persecution based on religion.

Question 10

What is liberal ideology?

Answer 10

Individuals should be free, able to own private property, extend voting rights, and redistribute wealth.

Question 11

Who was Louis Napoleon?

Answer 11

Nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte elected as President; later crowned himself Emperor Napoleon III.

Question 12

Who was Giuseppe Mazzini?

Answer 12

Italian nationalist who wanted to unite the Italian peninsula into one state.

Question 13

Who was Camillo di Cavour?

Answer 13

Prime minister of Piedmont-Sardinia who worked to unite northern Italy.

Question 14

Who was Otto von Bismarck?

Answer 14

Prime Minister of Prussia known for unifying Germany.

Question 15

Who was Francis Joseph?

Answer 15

Established the dual monarchy.

Question 16

What are the capitals of Austria and Hungary?

Answer 16

Vienna is the capital of Austria; Budapest is the capital of Hungary.

Question 17

What are Magyars?

Answer 17

Ethnicity of Hungary.

Question 18

What is the Christian Social Party?

Answer 18

A conservative political party that drew support from the anti-Semitic element of the German working classes.

Question 19

What is Zionism?

Answer 19

The idea that Jews should have their own homeland.

Question 20

Who was Theodor Herzl?

Answer 20

Leader of Zionism influenced by the Dreyfus Affair.

Question 21

Who succeeded Nicholas I?

Answer 21

Alexander II, during the Crimean War.

Question 22

What did Alexander II do?

Answer 22

Upgraded communication and transportation systems in Russia and abolished serfdom in 1861.

Question 23

Who was King Victor Emmanuel II?

Answer 23

King of Piedmont-Sardinia.

Question 24

What is realpolitik?

Answer 24

The practice of acting for political power rather than for religious, moral, or ideological goals.

Question 25

Who was Giuseppe Garibaldi?

Answer 25

Worked to unite the southern Italian states with his rebel army known as the Red Shirts.

Question 26

What were the Red Shirts?

Answer 26

Giuseppe Garibaldi's rebel army.

Question 27

What was Pope Pius IX's stance on Italian unification?

Answer 27

Rejected the offer to recognize Italy and refused to leave the Vatican.

Question 28

What was the Lateran Pact?

Answer 28

Created a separate sovereign Vatican state and recognized the nation of Italy.

Question 29

What was Bismarck's approach to unifying Germany?

Answer 29

Relied on industrialized warfare to bring other German states together under Prussian leadership.

Question 30

Who was King William I?

Answer 30

King of Germany (Prussia).

Question 31

What was the Ems telegram?

Answer 31

Used by Bismarck to provoke Napoleon III into declaring war on Germany.

Question 32

What was the Paris Commune?

Answer 32

A working-class group that formed their own government.

Question 33

What was Kulturkampf?

Answer 33

A program that passed laws to expel the Jesuits, end Catholic education, and introduce civil marriage.

Question 34

Who was Wilhelm II?

Answer 34

Dismissed Bismarck and adopted a more aggressive foreign policy.

Question 35

What was the Congress of Berlin?

Answer 35

Organized to solve tensions in the Balkan states.

Question 36

What was the Black Hand?

Answer 36

A Serbian terrorist group.

Question 37

What were three movements that influenced changes in 19th century Europe?

Answer 37

Enlightenment, French Revolution, Industrial Revolution.

Question 38

List three wars Bismarck was involved in to help Germany unify.

Answer 38

War with Denmark, Seven Weeks War, Franco-Prussian War.

Question 39

What were three multi-ethnic regions that feared nationalism?

Answer 39

Austria, Russia, Ottoman Empire.

Question 40

What was the Triple Entente?

Answer 40

An alliance of Russia, Great Britain, and France.

Question 41

What was the Triple Alliance?

Answer 41

An alliance of Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary.

Question 42

What new class was created with the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 42

A new middle class.

Question 43

What was one factor that shifted the balance of power in Europe in the late 1800s?

Answer 43

Nationalism.

Question 44

What were two areas that unified in Europe in the late 1800s?

Answer 44

Italy and Germany.

Question 45

What type of government did France establish after the Revolutions of 1848?

Answer 45

A third republic.

Question 46

Why were the projects completed by Napoleon III important?

Answer 46

They created jobs, lowered bread prices, reinstated universal male suffrage, and made people happier.

Question 47

What was Bismarck's goal?

Answer 47

To unite German states.

Question 48

What was the Jewish country created in 1948?

Answer 48

Israel.

Question 49

Who lost their lands so a Jewish state could be created?

Answer 49

Palestine.

Question 50

What were three reasons the Crimean War was followed by more people?

Answer 50

Greater freedom of the press, increased literacy, and cameras provided photos of battles.

Question 51

What was the Ottoman Empire known as?

Answer 51

The Sick Man of Europe.

Question 52

What did the Third Balkan War lead to?

Answer 52

World War II because of its alliances.

Question 53

What were the Balkans known as?

Answer 53

The Powder Keg.

Question 54

Who had to leave Northern Italy?

Answer 54

Austria.

Question 55

Who had to leave Southern Italy?

Answer 55

Spain.

Question 56

Who had to leave Rome?

Answer 56

The Pope had to give up power.

Question 57

What was created at the Congress of Vienna in 1815 when the Holy Roman Empire ended?

Answer 57

The German Confederation.

Question 58

Who was involved in the Seven Weeks War?

Answer 58

Prussia and Austria.

Question 59

How did Bismarck neutralize the socialists?

Answer 59

Banned newspapers and abolished labor unions.

Question 60

What was used to maintain a balance of power?

Answer 60

The alliance system.

Question 61

List two factors that challenged the status quo.

Answer 61

Nationalism and unification.

Question 62

What was the Three Emperor League?

Answer 62

An alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia to avoid conflict in the Balkans.

Question 63

What was the Reinsurance Treaty?

Answer 63

A secret treaty where Germany and Russia would remain neutral if one went to war, except if Germany attacked France or Russia.

Question 64

What group did Russia support?

Answer 64

The Slavic people.

Question 65

Why did Russia start to form an alliance with France & Britain?

Answer 65

Germany did not renew their alliance with Russia.

Question 66

What was the Dreyfus Affair?

Answer 66

A Jewish captain in the French army accused of treason; he was pardoned in 1906, but anti-Jewish views spread across Europe.

Question 67

What are two facts about liberalism?

Answer 67

Emphasizes rights of the individual and the right to vote, own land, and have freedom of speech and writing.

Question 68

How did Napoleon III modernize France?

Answer 68

Built railroads, ports, and canals; increased international trade; created new banks; backed the construction of the Suez Canal.

Question 69

What was the Crimean War?

Answer 69

A conflict between Russia and the Ottomans, with help from Great Britain, France, and Italy, over the protection of Christians in the Holy Lands.